Analysis of the development trend of China's iron ore mining technology in the "13th Five-Year Plan"

(2) Key technologies

During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the development of mining technology needs to be closely combined with the guidance of industry macro policies, changes in resource conditions, protection of the ecological environment and social impact, so as to adapt to and promote the progress of the entire industry, therefore, mining technology in the "13th Five-Year Plan" period to focus on the following aspects of development.

1. Open-pit to underground mining and open-pit - underground combined mining technology

With the end of a number of open-pit mines such as Ekou Iron mine and Malanzhuang Iron mine, they have been transferred to underground mining, and the technology of open-pit to underground mining or open-pit to underground combined mining has fallen behind the actual needs of mine production. The research of open-pit to underground mining technology involves many technical problems, especially the transition problem of open-pit to underground mining, the mining problem of isolated layer and the rock mechanics problem of open-pit to underground mining or open-pit to underground combined mining, so it is urgent to increase the research during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period.

2. Deep mining technology

With the depletion of shallow resources in China, iron ore mining has gradually shifted to deeper ones. Most of the newly discovered iron ore resources are deep ore deposits, such as Dataigou Iron ore mine, Chentaigou Iron ore mine and Sishanling Iron Mine in Liaoning Province. The buried depth of ore bodies has exceeded 1000 meters. Different from shallow mining activities, deep mining has many special laws and disasters. The prominent feature is the "three high", that is, special mining technical conditions such as high ground stress, high well temperature and high water pressure, which may lead to stope roof collapse, roadway instability, high temperature and high heat, ventilation difficulties and other problems, resulting in the reduction of efficiency of lifting, ventilation and drainage and the increase of cost. This requires that mining technology and equipment must adapt to this change, carry out in-depth research on the key mining technology of iron ore deep resources, and provide technical support for more and more iron mines to enter deep mining.

3. Digital mining technology

The digital mine is the digital representation and understanding of the whole mine, with the various application technology software of the mine as the tool, with the efficient and automated data acquisition system as the means, and finally achieve a high degree of information, automation, high efficiency, and even unmanned mining and intelligent mining. This is a complex and huge project involving many technical fields and the organization of production departments. Its application potential in mining engineering design, production scheduling, system monitoring and disaster prediction needs to be deeply explored, and it will also be the future development direction of iron mines in China, including digital geological modeling system and digital ore deposit modeling system. Mining simulation technology under virtual conditions; Open pit and underground mine communication, positioning and navigation, information rapid processing and process monitoring technology; Intelligent control and control technology of mining equipment.

4. Green mining technology

Green mining technology includes low grade ore deposit mining technology and waste free mining technology. China's iron ore resources are mainly poor ore. For low-grade ore deposits, such as ultra-poor vanadium titanium magnetite in Chengde area, mining by traditional mining methods has high production cost and serious environmental damage. It is worth further research on how to utilize low-grade ore and difficult-to-mine body. In addition, in the process of mining, it not only causes damage to the natural environment, but also produces a lot of waste gas, wastewater and waste residue. Waste free mining is to minimize the output and discharge of waste, improve the comprehensive utilization rate of resources, reduce or eliminate the negative impact of mineral resources development technology. In the long run, with the improvement of social environmental protection requirements, green mining technology will be one of the important research topics in the sustainable development of mining industry.