Analysis of the development trend of China's iron ore mining technology in the "13th Five-Year Plan"

With the continuous advancement of mining modernization, mineral resources are constantly consumed, and the scale of mining is constantly expanding, and the expansion of mining scale drives the continuous development of mining technology. At present, due to the continuous sharp decline in iron ore prices, the development of domestic iron ore enterprises is facing severe challenges, the deterioration of resource conditions makes it more difficult to mine, and the development of social environment also puts forward new requirements for mine development. Therefore, during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, in order to cope with the changes in the industry situation and adapt to the requirements of The Times, it is necessary to continuously develop mining technology, reduce costs and increase efficiency through the application of new technologies and technological transformation measures, improve the competitiveness of enterprises, and steadily improve the level of mining technology in China.

1. Development status

After decades of development, especially more than a decade in the new century, the mining technology level of China's iron ore industry has made obvious progress.

(1) Open pit mining

In the open pit mining, the mining process is more mature, the mode of transportation is more diversified and efficient, with the application of steep mining, continuous semi-continuous mining process, mobile crushing station, steep slope railway transportation, vibration feeder loading station, automobile - elevator and other technologies, waste free mining technology, mining digitization, intelligent and other advanced technologies. Mine production efficiency has been significantly improved.

(1) Staging mining technology. Compared with full-range mining, phased mining has the advantages of provincial investment, quick effect, and less infrastructure investment to reach production as soon as possible. Some large steeply inclined open-pit mines in China have successfully realized the stage mining technology, such as Nanfen Iron mine, Shuichang Iron mine, Qidashan Iron Mine and so on.

(2) Intermittent continuous transportation technology. The discontinuous production process has been successfully applied in the deep concave open pit mine in China. The system is mainly composed of two parts, the discontinuous part refers to the automobile or locomotive transportation, and the continuous transportation part refers to the crusher tape machine and the soil discharge machine. With the development of open pit mining in China to deep mining, the significance of this technology is becoming more and more prominent. At present, the technology has been applied in Qidashan Iron ore, Shuichang Iron ore, Donganshan Iron ore, Dagushan Iron ore, Nanfen Iron ore and so on.

(3) High step mining. Step height is the main parameter of open-pit stope, increasing step height is conducive to improving the efficiency of penetration and explosion, simplifying and shortening the transportation line, increasing the amount of stage ore and improving the continuity of operation. In recent years, with the gradual popularization of large shovel equipment, high step mining technology is more and more favored by mining enterprises, the domestic open pit iron ore step height generally reaches 12 meters, Qidashan iron mine step height has reached 15 meters.

(4) Steep mining. Since the 1970s, metal mines in China began to carry out experimental research on steep mining technology. During the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, steep mining was included in the national science and technology research project, and carried out large-scale industrial test research in Nanfen open-pit mine, which comprehensively and systematically revealed the technological characteristics of steep mining, laid the technical foundation for the production and construction of Nanfen Iron mine, and provided practical experience for the technical transformation, new construction and expansion of large and medium-sized open-pit mines in China. Steep mining has been widely applied in open-pit iron mines in China because of its advantages such as small initial stripping amount, small amount of infrastructure works, short construction period and short final slope exposure time.

2. Underground mining

Underground mining technology is a technical field that has carried out the most extensive scientific research work and achieved the most scientific and technological achievements in more than 60 years since 1949. A large number of technical achievements have been made in the aspects of tunneling, mining methods, mine filling, etc. With these achievements as technical support, modern underground mines such as Meishan Iron Mine and Jingtieshan Iron Mine have been built. Therefore, it promotes the rapid development of underground mining technology in our country, and makes the technology of some mines reach the international advanced level.

(1) Develop modes of transportation. After years of development, the domestic underground iron ore is mainly developed by the joint development of shaft and slope. At the same time, some mines still adopt other development methods in combination with their own characteristics. Taking Dahongshan Iron Mine as an example, the mine adopts the joint development mode of inclined shaft taping machine - trackless ramp - blind shaft to replace shaft upgrading, reduce infrastructure investment, and be innovative, reaching the international advanced level.