Development history, current situation and future trend of automobile industry

America

In 1909, the Ford Company of the United States opened a new era of automobile manufacturing by producing the Model T car, which is regarded as the most important automobile invention of the 20th century. In 1913, Ford Company created the world's first automobile assembly line, which greatly improved the efficiency of automobile manufacturing, reduced production costs, and laid the foundation for the popularity of automobiles in the United States.

The United States annual output of 1 million cars in 1916, the annual output of cars exceeded 2 million in 1920, and in 1929, on the eve of the Great Depression in the United States, the annual output of cars reached 5 million, becoming the world's first automobile manufacturing power. The automobile industry has become the largest industry in the United States, and the United States has become the first country in the world to take automobile manufacturing as a pillar industry.

The rapid development of the American automobile industry gave birth to the three major automobile manufacturers in the United States, namely General Motors, Ford and Chrysler, and the sales of the three major automobile giants accounted for more than 90% of the total sales in the United States. The headquarters of the three major automobile giants gathered in Detroit, the peak of the Detroit population of more than 1.8 million, automobile production accounted for more than 80% of the global automobile production, the prosperity of the automobile industry makes Detroit become the United States and even the global automobile manufacturing center, an industry achievements a city.

Germany

Germany is the birthplace of the modern automobile and the country with the longest history of automobile manufacturing. Since the German inventor Carl Benz invented the first automobile in 1886, the German automobile industry has gone through more than 120 years of development.

In the 1920s, the United States automobile industry developed rapidly, and in addition to meeting the needs of its own people, it also exported a large number of cars to European countries. After 1930, in order to protect their national industrial development, European countries began to raise tariffs on American auto imports, forcing the three major American auto giants to establish car factories in the local area and promote the development of the European auto industry.

Affected by the two World Wars, it was not until the 1950s that the German automobile industry really entered a period of rapid development. In 1950, the annual production of automobiles in the Federal Republic of Germany reached 300,000. The Volkswagen Beetle was popular in Germany and Europe with its low price and was exported to many countries, including the United States. In 1960, Germany produced 2 million cars a year, surpassing the United Kingdom, becoming the largest automobile producer and exporter in Europe, becoming the second largest automobile manufacturer after the United States. In 1970, the annual output of automobiles in European countries reached 10.378 million, surpassing the United States, and the center of the world automobile industry gradually transferred from the United States to Europe.

The development of the German automobile industry has led to the birth of a number of world-renowned car manufacturers and auto parts manufacturers, car manufacturers have Daimler-Benz, Volkswagen, BMW, Porsche, etc., first-class parts manufacturers have Bosch, ZF, Continental and so on. Stuttgart, Germany, brings together major automobile manufacturers and first-tier parts suppliers, as well as second - and third-tier small professional suppliers in various automotive product segments, forming a huge automotive supply chain network, Stuttgart is recognized as one of the best automotive industry clusters in the world.

Japan

Japanese automobile manufacturing began with Shintaro Yoshida. In 1904, Shintaro Yoshida established Japan's first automobile manufacturing company, Tokyo Motor Works, which is now Isuzu Motor Company, and three years later produced Japan's first fuel car "Taikoo I". The Japanese government attaches great importance to the development of the automobile industry and has formulated a series of policies to promote the process of Japanese automobile localization.

In the two decades after World War II, Japan promoted high-quality, low-energy and affordable cars according to the national conditions of resource shortage. The Japanese automobile industry entered a period of rapid development. In 1961, the annual output of Japanese automobiles exceeded Italy and ranked fifth in the world, surpassed France and ranked fourth in 1965 and surpassed Britain and third in 1966. In 1968, it overtook Germany to take second place.

In the 1970s, the global oil crisis broke out, high-power and large cars in Europe and the United States were hit hard, and Japan's high-quality, low-energy and affordable cars swept the world. In 1980, Japan's annual automobile production exceeded the 10 million mark for the first time, beating the United States to become the world's first automobile manufacturer. In 1987, Japan's annual automobile production accounted for 26.6% of the world's total automobile production, the United States and the four European countries were 23.7% and 24.8%, respectively, and the world's automobile industry center was transferred to Japan.