Understand the main production systems of underground mines

2) Trackless transport

The use of trackless self-propelled equipment transportation in underground mines began in the 1960s. With the improvement of underground trackless equipment, underground trackless mining technology has also been rapidly developed.

Underground mine car is a self-propelled vehicle specially designed for underground mine, is the main transport vehicle to realize trackless mining technology, has the advantages of mobility, flexibility, versatility and economy. Underground mining vehicles are widely used in all kinds of underground mines with suitable conditions for intensive mining, which can not only improve the labor productivity and output of underground mines, promote the continuous expansion of production scale, but also change the mining technology, mining method and excavation transportation system of such mines. Especially with the development of mining automation, intelligent mining and other technologies and systems in recent years, underground mines are moving towards the unmanned direction of trackless mining.

(1) The main advantages of underground mine motor transport are

① Flexible, wide range of application, large production potential. The mining face can be directly transported to each unloading site without intermediate transfer, and the unloading site is not restricted. Personnel, materials, and equipment can also be directly reached the working face without transfer.

Under certain conditions, the use of underground mining truck transport can properly save equipment, steel and personnel.

(3) Before the completion of the full set of shaft facilities, it is possible to advance the mine and facilitate the mining and transportation of marginal and sporadic orebodies.

(4) Under the condition of reasonable transport distance, there are fewer production links of underground mine automobile transport, which can significantly improve labor productivity.

(2) The disadvantages of underground mine motor transport are:

Although underground mining vehicles have exhaust gas purification devices, the exhaust gas emitted by diesel engines pollutes the underground air, which can not be completely solved at present. Measures such as strengthening ventilation are usually adopted, which increases the cost of ventilation equipment.

Due to the poor quality of the underground mine road surface, tire consumption is large, and the cost of spare parts is increased.

The maintenance workload is large, requiring skilled maintenance workers and well-equipped maintenance workshops.

(4) In order to facilitate the driving of underground mining vehicles, the required roadway section size is larger, increasing the development cost.

(3) Compared with ground dump vehicles, underground mining vehicles usually have the following characteristics in structure:

① Can be disassembled, convenient for large pieces down the well.

② Articulated chassis, hydraulic steering, narrow body width, small turning radius.

The car body height is low, generally 2~3m, suitable for operation in narrow and low underground space, low center of gravity, increasing the climbing ability.

④ The driving speed is low, and the engine power is smaller, thus reducing the exhaust emissions.

3) Belt conveyor transport

Belt conveyor transport is a continuous mode of transport, mainly used to transport minerals and rocks, but also to transport materials and personnel. This mode of transportation has large production capacity, safety and reliability, simple operation and high degree of automation. With the use of high-strength tape, belt conveyor transportation has the characteristics of long distance, large volume and high speed, which meets the requirements of efficient transportation of modern mining equipment.

The use of belt conveyor transportation in underground mines is limited by the degree of rock mass, the volume of traffic, the inclination of roadway, bends and so on. Usually, it can only transport the ore and rock that has been coarse crushed (the block is less than 350mm), and it is only suitable for use in the case of large volume, small inclination of roadway, and no bend.

Underground belt conveyor transport according to its use place and completed transportation tasks can be divided into: ① stope belt conveyor transport, it directly from the mining face to accept and transport minerals and rocks. (2) Ore collection belt conveyor transport, which receives ore from two or more belt conveyors. (3) Trunk belt conveyor transport, which transports all the ore and rock mined underground, including the belt conveyor transport through the roadway and inclined shaft to the surface.