Understand the main production systems of underground mines

Lift transport

(1) Mine lifting

Mine lifting is the transportation link of transporting ore, waste rock and lifting personnel, materials and equipment along the shaft with certain equipment. According to the way to lift materials can be divided into two categories, one is rope lifting (wire rope lifting), the other is cordless lifting (such as belt conveyor lifting, hydraulic lifting and pneumatic lifting, etc.), of which wire rope lifting is more widely used.

1. Composition of mine lifting equipment

The main components of mine lifting equipment are lifting container, lifting wire rope, lifting machine (including drag device), derrick and sky wheel and loading and unloading and other auxiliary devices.

2. Classification of mine lifting equipment

(1) According to the inclination of the shaft, it is divided into vertical shaft lifting equipment and inclined shaft lifting equipment.

(2) According to the type of lifting container, it is divided into cage lifting equipment, skip lifting equipment, skip - cage lifting equipment, sinking bucket lifting equipment, incline shaft and string car lifting equipment.

(3) According to the purpose of upgrading, it is divided into main lifting equipment (specialized or mainly lifting ore, generally known as the main shaft lifting equipment), auxiliary lifting equipment (lifting waste rock, lifting personnel, transporting materials and equipment, etc., generally known as auxiliary shaft lifting equipment) and auxiliary lifting equipment (such as patio elevators, maintenance and upgrading, etc.).

(4) According to the type of elevator, it is divided into single-rope winding lifting equipment (it has a single drum and a double drum), multi-rope winding lifting equipment, single-rope friction lifting equipment (no longer produced), multi-rope friction lifting equipment.

(5) According to the number of lifting containers, it is divided into single container lifting equipment (with balance hammer) and double container lifting equipment.

(6) According to the balance state of the lifting system, it is divided into unbalanced lifting equipment and static balance lifting equipment.

(7) According to the drag type is divided into AC lifting equipment, DC lifting equipment.

3. Upgrade the system

1) Shaft single rope winding lifting

For the mine with a depth of less than 300m and a drum diameter of less than 3m, it is appropriate to use a single rope winding lifting system. The selection of cage or skip as the lifting container is an important issue in the design, which needs to be determined by comparison in all aspects (the same with multi-rope friction lifting).

Usually, when designing the lifting system, two sets of lifting equipment, main and auxiliary, are used to ensure the mine output and complete other lifting tasks. The main shaft uses skip to lift ore, and the auxiliary shaft uses cage to complete the auxiliary lifting task, or the main and auxiliary shafts all use cage. Which method to adopt should be determined according to the specific conditions of each mine. When the annual output of the mine is large, it is best to use the way of the main shaft skip and auxiliary shaft cage. When the annual output of the mine is small or more than two kinds of ore, or the ore is not suitable for crushing, it is best to use the cage.

When multi-level lifting, usually in the production is not very large but the lifting level of the mine using a balanced hammer single cage lifting, sometimes in order to ensure the production with two sets of balanced hammer single cage lifting.

For mines with small annual output, a set of cage lifting equipment can be used to complete all lifting tasks. This is true of many non-ferrous metal mines, non-metallic mines and nuclear industrial mines in China.

2) Shaft multi-rope friction lifting

Multi-rope friction elevator has many advantages, therefore, in addition to the use of multi-rope friction elevator instead of a single rope winding elevator with a drum diameter greater than 3m when the well depth is greater than 300m, you can also use a smaller multi-rope friction elevator instead of a single rope winding elevator with a drum diameter of less than 3m.

Because multi-rope friction lifting is difficult to adjust the length of the rope, the double container lifting is only suitable for one production level. At the same time, due to the influence of the deformation of the lifting wire rope, the double container lifting system can only ensure the accurate stopping of the wellhead in the actual operation, but can not ensure that the container at the bottom of the well is stopped in the exact position (for the skip lifting, the accuracy of the stopping is not strict).

The single-vessel balancing hammer lifting system is especially suitable for mines with multiple levels of lifting. And the balance hammer lifting can improve the anti-slip performance of the multi-rope friction lifting system. Moreover, because the single-container lifting system is not affected by the deformation of the wire rope, it can ensure accurate stopping at all production levels, so it is used more. For more than two kinds of ore types of multi-level lifting, according to the specific production and production level needs, in a shaft installed two sets of single container lifting equipment can also be used a single container, a set of double container lifting system.