Understand the main production systems of underground mines

The advantages of rail transportation are wide use, large production (determined by the number of locomotives), unrestricted transport distance, good economy, flexible scheduling, and can transport a variety of ores along the bifurcation line. The disadvantage is that the transportation is intermittent, the production efficiency depends on the level of work organization and the applicable roadway slope has limitations (generally 3‰~5‰), and it is difficult to ensure transportation safety when the slope of the line is too large.

The locomotive-drawn mine car train running on the track is the main mode of horizontal long-distance transportation. The track gauge is divided into standard gauge and narrow gauge, the standard gauge is 1435mm, and the narrow gauge is divided into 600mm, 762mm and 900mm. According to the different gauge, the locomotive can also be divided into standard gauge locomotive and narrow gauge locomotive; According to the different power used, mining locomotives can be divided into electric locomotives, internal combustion locomotives and steam locomotives. Steam locomotives have been largely phased out, and internal combustion locomotives are generally used only on the surface. Electric locomotive is driven by electric energy, according to the nature of the power supply is different, electric locomotive can be divided into direct current locomotive and alternating current locomotive, direct current locomotive is the most widely used. Now, many users have begun to use variable frequency electric locomotives. According to different power supply methods, DC locomotives are divided into trolley type electric locomotives and battery electric locomotives, and most of the non-coal mine in China are trolley type electric locomotives.

The trolley type electric locomotive has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, convenient maintenance, large transportation capacity, high speed, high power efficiency, low transportation cost, and is widely used. Its disadvantage is that it must have rectification and wiring facilities, which is not flexible enough; The wiring has a certain impact on the size of the roadway and the safety of pedestrians. It is easy to generate sparks between the collector and the wiring, and it is not allowed to invest more in the initial construction of the mine with serious gas, but in the long run, the total cost of using the wiring electric locomotive is much lower than that of the battery electric locomotive. There are two kinds of DC voltage of domestic underground wiring grid: 250V and 550V.

Accumulator electric locomotives are powered by batteries. The battery is usually charged in the underground motor garage. After the battery pack on the motor car is used to a certain extent, it can be replaced with a well-charged battery. The advantage of this electric locomotive is that there is no spark detonating danger, suitable for use in the mine with gas without wire, flexible use, for small output, roadway is not too regular transportation system and roadway excavation transportation is very suitable. The disadvantage is that the initial investment in charging equipment is low, and the transportation cost is high. Generally, the trolley type electric locomotive is used in the mining stage, and the battery electric locomotive can be used in the development stage to overcome the external conditions. In the return air roadway with explosive gas, cable electric locomotive should not be used, and in the mine with high sulfur and risk of spontaneous ignition, explosion-proof battery electric locomotive should be used.

In addition to the above two kinds of electric locomotives, there are compound energy electric locomotives, which can be mainly divided into wire - battery electric locomotive and wire - cable electric locomotive. There is an automatic charger on the trolley, and the trolley power supply can be used to automatically charge the car battery at any time, and there is no need to charge the charging room often, which can improve the utilization rate of the locomotive; It can also be directly driven into the development roadway, the use of flexible; When the cable-type electric locomotive is working in the main transportation lane, it obtains electric energy directly from the cable-type electric locomotive. When driving in the area where it is inconvenient to install cable, it can be powered by cable, but the transport distance of cable power supply cannot exceed the length of cable.

Diesel locomotives do not need wiring, low investment, very flexible. However, the structure is complicated and the exhaust gas pollutes the air, so it is necessary to install the exhaust gas purification device in the exhaust port and strengthen the ventilation of the roadway. At present, this kind of locomotive is only used in a few mines in the surface joint section and surface transportation of well-ventilated tunnels in China, and it is used more in foreign mines.

There are mining vehicles for transporting ore (waste rock), transporting personnel vehicles, material vehicles, explosive vehicles, water trucks, fire trucks and health vehicles.