Summary and consideration of the research status of green mine construction in China

2. Green mine construction process and results

2.1 Green mine construction process

In November 2007, under the requirements of the era of in-depth implementation of the scientific Outlook on development, in order to promote the transformation of the mining development mode and ensure the healthy and sustainable development of the mining industry, the former Ministry of Land and Resources proposed "adhering to the scientific outlook on development and promoting green mining". The new concept of "green mining" has been formally put forward, and the construction of green mines has begun a nationwide "planning layout".

In December 2008, the National Mineral Resources Plan (2008-2015) approved by The State Council clarified the overall requirements for the development of green mining for the first time, and determined the development goal of "basically establishing a green mine pattern by 2020". Since then, green mine construction has been included in the national top-level design of mineral resources development and utilization.

In August 2010, the former Ministry of Land and Resources officially issued the Guiding Opinions on the Implementation of the National Mineral Resources Plan, the Development of Green Mining and the Construction of Green Mines (Land Resources Development [2010] No. 119), which clearly put forward nine basic conditions for national green mines. This is the first green mine construction management document officially issued in China, marking the official start of China's green mine construction work.

From 2011 to 2014, the former Ministry of Land and Resources announced 661 national green mine pilot units in four batches in accordance with the principle of "pilot first and overall promotion". Many pilot units through the use of advanced and applicable technology and equipment, intensive and efficient development, and gradually reduce the marginal cost, in recent years when the mining economy is down to achieve better development, of which 398 have been selected into the national green mine list. The promotion of the pilot work has accumulated a large number of typical cases and management experience for the comprehensive promotion of green mine construction.

From 2015 to 2017, the construction of green mines has been attached importance by relevant central departments. It has been written into important documents such as the Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and The State Council on Accelerating the Construction of Ecological Civilization, the Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development (2016-2020), the National Mineral Resources Plan (2016-2020), and the Guiding Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and The State Council on Carrying out Quality Improvement Actions. As an important part of the high-quality development of the mining economy, the construction of green mines has gradually been incorporated into the national development strategy and risen to the national action.

In March 2017, the former Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Finance, the former Ministry of Environmental Protection, the former General Administration of Quality Supervision, the former China Banking Regulatory Commission, the Securities Regulatory Commission and other six ministries issued the "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Green Mines" (Land Resources Regulation [2017] No. 4, hereinafter referred to as "No. 4 Document"). The general ideas, main objectives, key tasks and policy measures of green development of mining industry under the new situation are clarified. The issuance of Document No. 4 marks that the construction of green mines in China has entered the stage of comprehensive promotion, and the development of green mining and the construction of green mines have become the consensus of the whole society on the future development of mining. Subsequently, the provinces (regions and cities) conscientiously implement, formulate plans or plans in accordance with local actual conditions, and actively promote the construction of green mines.

In June 2018, the Ministry of Natural Resources announced the release of 9 green mine construction industry specifications for non-ferrous metals, metallurgy, coal, chemical industry, gold, onshore oil and gas, non-metallic ore, sand, cement limestone, etc., marking that China's green mine construction has entered a new stage of institutionalization, standardization and standardization, and has played a strong support and guarantee role in the green development of China's mining industry.

In 2019, on the basis of systematically summarizing the construction of the former national green mine pilot units and the progress of green mine construction in provinces (regions and municipalities), the Ministry of Natural Resources organized the selection of green mines, and finally included 953 mining enterprises in the national Green Mine List. The release of the list will encourage and guide more mining enterprises to take the initiative to carry out green mine construction, and accelerate the construction of a new pattern of green mining development in China.