How to make abandoned mines green mountains and rivers?

I. Background of mine ecological restoration

1. National policy

Party and state leaders attach great importance to the protection of geological environment in mines, and have repeatedly made important instructions on the protection of geological environment in mines.    On October 30, 2022, the Yellow River Protection Law of the People's Republic of China further clarified the responsibility of mine pollution prevention and ecological restoration, and put forward the requirements for mine restoration.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China elevated the construction of ecological civilization to a "millennium project." The report clearly points out that "building an ecological civilization is a major plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation." More than 30 years of sustained and rapid economic growth has brought great pressure on resources and the environment. Alleviating this pressure is not a short-term success, and continuous efforts are needed. Moreover, resource conservation and ecological environment improvement are endless, so it has been upgraded to a millennium project.

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that "Chinese-style modernization is the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature", which clarified the strategic task of ecological civilization construction in China's new era, and the overall keynote is to promote green development and promote harmonious coexistence between man and nature. On the basis of fully affirming the achievements of ecological civilization construction, the report comprehensively and systematically expounds the strategic ideas and methods of China's continuous promotion of ecological civilization construction from the perspectives of overall industrial structure adjustment, pollution control, ecological protection, and coping with climate change, and puts forward a series of new viewpoints, new requirements, new directions and new arrangements for future ecological environmental protection.

2. Analysis of current situation

In recent years, with the rapid development of social economy, human production activities have caused more and more damage to the ecological environment. The excavation slope formed in the disorderly mining process of the original mine, the exposed wound formed by the construction of roads and facilities in the mining area, the waste material storage site, and the tailings pond stacked with slag powder have the characteristics of steep slope, hard surface and poor site conditions, and the vegetation damage is serious. Recovery is difficult. High and steep slopes, waste dumps, slag dumps, etc., not only have serious soil erosion, but also have security risks, which are easy to cause natural disasters.

The above human activities have destroyed a large number of surface vegetation, such as scars, seriously affecting the landscape, but also caused great harm to the ecological environment. Vegetation restoration of exposed slope is the key and difficult point of ecological restoration. In the social environment of "gold mountain and silver mountain is not as good as green water and green mountains", which concept to guide ecological restoration is an important link related to the sustainable development of human and nature, and also the fundamental standard to judge whether the ecological restoration technical measures taken are economic and effective.

Second, the way to participate in the ecological restoration of mines

1. EOD mode

Policy basis: "Opinions on Encouraging and Supporting Social Capital to participate in Ecological Protection and Restoration issued by The General Office of the State Council" proposed that social capital can adopt the way of "ecological protection and restoration + industry introduction" and use the right to use natural resource assets or franchise rights to develop appropriate industries.

EOD mode: The eco-environment-oriented development model is based on ecological protection and environmental governance, supported by the operation of characteristic industries, regional comprehensive development as the carrier, and adopts industrial chain extension, joint operation, combination development and other methods to promote the effective integration of ecological environmental governance projects with strong public welfare and poor profitability and related industries with good returns, and coordinated promotion and integrated implementation. Internalizing the economic value brought by ecological environment governance is an innovative way of project organization and implementation.

2. The government directly initiated projects for restoration

Policy basis: The Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Restoration and Comprehensive Management of Mining geological environment clearly define the responsibility of mining geological environment management, and the mine geological environment problems left over from the planned economy period or the loss of responsible persons are historical problems left over by local governments at all levels to plan and restore.