Thinking of China's green mine construction planning in the new era

In 2017, the former Ministry of Land and Resources, together with the Ministry of Finance and other six ministries and commissions issued the "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the construction of green mines" (Land Regulations [2017] No. 4, hereinafter referred to as "No. 4 Document"), marking the transformation of China's green mine construction from the "pilot exploration" stage to the "comprehensive promotion" stage, and the green mine has become the general consensus of the whole society on the future development of the mining industry. It has become an inevitable requirement and prerequisite for the high-quality development of mining industry.

In the face of the new situation, new stage and new requirements, whether to prepare a plan for enterprises to create green mines, and how to prepare a "useful" plan in combination with their own development needs have become a problem faced by many enterprises. This paper analyzes and discusses how to position, necessity, purpose, method and effective implementation of green mine construction planning, in order to further improve the theory and method system of green mine construction planning and provide guidance for enterprises to carry out green mine construction practice.

First, the necessity analysis of preparing green mine construction plan

From 2011 to 2014, China carried out four batches of 661 state-level green mine construction pilot work. Green mine construction and development plan is one of the "essential elements" for mining enterprises to apply for national pilot units, which is not only an action program for enterprises to carry out green mine creation, but also an important basis for the government to evaluate, examine and accept pilot enterprises. Simply put, green mine construction planning in the pilot stage has requirements.

In 2017, with the release of Document No. 4, the overall work organization promotion and management system have also been adjusted accordingly. Under the new situation, the green mine adopts a directory management model, that is, the process of national, provincial, city and county level joint creation → business owner construction → self-construction and self-evaluation → third-party evaluation → standard storage → social supervision. Specifically, in the comprehensive promotion stage, in accordance with the national reform requirements of streamlining administration and delegating power and reducing administrative approval items, the national level has not made uniform requirements for the preparation of green mine construction planning. Planning will not be regarded as a "warehousing" requirement, enterprises only need to submit a self-assessment report, and then the government will purchase services and entrust a third-party organization to evaluate, and the evaluation can be included in the directory management.

Therefore, in the face of new situations and new requirements, whether enterprises prepare green mine construction plans can be determined according to the management needs of different regions and the needs of enterprises themselves. Due to management needs, the competent departments of natural resources in some regions clearly require the mining enterprises established in the region to prepare green mine construction plans. If the competent department of the local government does not make specific requirements, the enterprise can decide whether to prepare a plan according to its own basic situation and needs.

Specifically, some enterprises with relatively solid preliminary basic work can directly prepare the green mine construction self-assessment report in accordance with the requirements, and submit third-party assessment and storage applications to the government. Some enterprises with a relatively weak foundation can consider the preparation of green mine construction plans, and can also consider the preparation of green mine construction implementation plans. The difference between planning and program is that, from the perspective of content, planning is more overall, from the macro and overall grasp, both strategic level and tactical level; The implementation plan pays more attention to concrete, micro, relanding and operability. In terms of time scale, the planning can be combined with short and long term goals, 2-5 years, and long-term goals can be 5-10 years; The implementation plan is usually one to two years.

For new mines, "green" should be taken as one of the main considerations in the design review and project acceptance, so that "green" runs through the whole life cycle and radiates the whole value chain. "Green" should be fully reflected in the mineral resources development and utilization plan, mine geological environment protection and restoration and management plan, land reclamation plan, mining area environmental impact assessment, water and soil conservation plan, and achieve the full connection and integration of the five plans. For example, it is more meaningful to formulate the green mine construction plan at the beginning of construction, ensure green development from the source of mine planning, design and construction, and guide the whole process of green mine construction.

Second, the internal needs of enterprises to prepare green mine construction planning

Under the new situation, the green mine construction plan (program) is not only for "warehousing" and "listing" to facilitate government review, supervision and guidance management, but also the "action program" and "actual combat manual" for mining enterprises to carry out green mine construction, and is a key link and important guarantee to promote the development of mining enterprises along the road of green mining. From the recent research and local practice, many mining enterprises have realized that green mine construction is an inevitable choice for enterprises to fulfill their responsibilities, seek their own sustainable development, and actively adapt to the requirements of national ecological civilization and high-quality economic development, and there is a strong internal demand for green mine construction planning (or program).

2.1 Mining enterprises do not know enough about the concept and construction standards of green mines

Some mining enterprises think that green mines are green mines, to wear a green clothes to the mine, is to plant grass and fill pits, is a face project; Some enterprises regard green mines as a shield to deal with environmental protection inspections, and think that energy conservation and emission reduction can be done well. Everyone's understanding of the connotation of green mine construction is not in place, so as to cover all. From the perspective of specific construction requirements, green mine construction has developed from the nine basic conditions required in the pilot stage and the relatively qualitative and rough construction requirements of Document 4 to the sub-industry standard combining qualitative requirements and quantitative indicators, and the next step is more detailed evaluation index system, realizing the transformation of green mine construction from administrative promotion to standard guidance. However, some enterprises have insufficient knowledge and understanding of industry standards and how to meet them.

2.2 For the creation and declaration of green mines, mining enterprises do not know where to start

Green mine construction is a systematic project with strong professionalism and technology, which requires both macro-level policy grasp and micro-level technical support, including concepts and methods, engineering technology, norms and standards, system management and other levels. For most enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, affected by the limitations of information, profession, technology and talent, they can not rely on their own strength to complete. For the current advanced green process technology and equipment is not mastered, how to treat and use tailings and waste rock, how to treat slope, what measures to take to meet the industry standard is not very clear, the need for third-party institutions to participate in helping enterprises to improve awareness, sort out problems, system design, scientific planning. In view of the above problems, the green mine construction planning required by enterprises should have the following characteristics.

1) Operability of planning. Green mine construction planning should not only be "virtual", but also "pragmatic", in order to improve operability and landing, it must be supported by a number of projects or projects to truly help enterprises solve the outstanding problems faced by key links such as green mining, comprehensive utilization of resources, energy conservation and emission reduction, mining geological environment governance and restoration, and digital mine construction, so as to achieve green mine construction standards. It lays a foundation for the preparation of the enterprise self-evaluation report, successfully passes the third-party evaluation, and then "meets the standards for warehousing".

2) Strategic development of planning. According to the requirements of ecological civilization strategy, the ultimate goal of green mine construction is to promote the ecological mining industry. Yu Runcang, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, once proposed that the construction of green mines should focus on the construction of ecological mining projects. The planning should adhere to industrial integration as the key direction of green mine construction, and promote the green transformation and upgrading of mining enterprises from a more long-term perspective. Especially for some large mines, the mining cycle is as long as several decades or even 100 years, it is necessary to plan in advance from the perspective of the entire production system and subsequent industrial development, innovate development approaches from the perspective of environmental reconstruction and industrial regeneration, and promote the integrated development of mining and the primary industry, the secondary industry and the tertiary industry. For example, Masteel Group, through the pilot exploration and planning implementation, starts the tailings aerated concrete block/gray sand brick project in terms of resource utilization, and builds a new model of "dual drive" with full utilization of associated resources and solid waste resources; In terms of industrial integration, based on the main mining industry, we will build a regional green ecological economic system with diversified development of comprehensive utilization industry, production technology service industry, modern agriculture, and characteristic industrial, mining and tourism, and create a new engine for green development.