Intelligent open-pit mine construction basic framework and system design

The intelligent surface mine is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1) Large-scale application of open-pit mine automation equipment and automation system. For example, the dynamic perception of the operating environment of open-pit mines, the automatic operation and intelligent maintenance and inspection of perforation, mining and transportation equipment, and the big data collection and analysis of the whole process system.

2) Integrated control of production design and mine engineering construction. For example, the application of automated aided design software ensures the optimization of production design, and the automatic generation of construction plans, instruction push and intelligent operation guidance system strictly ensures the accurate implementation of design.

3) Integration, data processing and decision-making of information data link. For example, big data analysis of production factors such as people, property and other technologies in the production process of mines ensures efficient and rapid information management of mine production [35-37].

Through the application of the above automation, intelligence, information and other technologies, foreign open-pit mines are gradually developing towards a safe, efficient, green and intelligent mine. According to the data released by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (U.S. Energy Information Administration), the number of open pit coal mine employees in the United States in 2010 was 28,709, and the average simplex mining efficiency (total labor productivity) was 9.46 t/h; In 2017, the number of employees in open pit coal mines in the United States decreased by 25.08% compared with 2010, reaching 21,509, while the average simplex mining efficiency increased to 10.92 t/h, an increase of 15.43%, and the results of "reducing people and increasing efficiency" were significant.

In the past 1 to 2 years, the foreign open-pit coal industry has entered a key stage of cross-era development, it is reported that in August 2018, Australia's Rio Tinto announced the launch of the world's first "pure intelligent mine" project in Western Australia Koodaideri mine, mine transformation is expected to be completed in 2021. By then, the Koodaideri mine's production system will consist of a network of intelligent equipment filled with robots, driverless mining cars, driverless trucks, driverless RIGS and driverless freight trains, becoming a true unmanned intelligent open-pit mine.

At present, the development of informatization and automation in China's coal mines is gradually improving, and the intelligent construction of coal mines is in its initial stage. For many key problems encountered in the intelligent construction of coal mines, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a large number of in-depth studies. As early as the end of the last century, Li Zhongxue put forward a mining concept oriented to knowledge economy and sustainable development, requiring the mining industry to comprehensively strengthen technological innovation and adopt new technologies such as intelligence to accelerate the development from labor-intensive industries to technology-intensive industries.  Wang Guofa and Chen Xiaojing, based on the current development status of digital mining technology, combined with the intelligent characteristics and requirements of the production system, gave the concept and connotation of smart mining: the integration of the Internet of things, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, automatic control, mobile Internet, robotized equipment and modern mining development technology to form mine perception, interconnection, analysis, self-learning, prediction and determination A complete intelligent system for policy and control; By 2025, the intelligent development of single system in coal mine will be realized in the direction of multi-system intelligence, the basic operating framework of intelligent production, intelligent security and intelligent security system will be established, and the second stage goal of intelligent coal mine with spatial digitization, information integration, equipment interconnection, virtual-real integration and control network will be initially formed. Realize the intelligent operation of the whole process of mine development, mining, transportation, washing, safety guarantee, ecological protection, production management, etc. The level of resource exploitation and utilization has been significantly improved, occupational health and working environment in coal mines have been fundamentally improved, and ecological restoration and protection of mines have been fully implemented [38-41].  However, the previous research only from the definition of intelligent open-pit mine, key technology research, overall framework research, a single system unit to do more in-depth research, did not carry out the overall planning of intelligent open-pit mine from a global perspective, especially never for the intelligent construction of China's open-pit coal mine research and architecture design.