Intelligent open-pit mine construction basic framework and system design

3) Intelligent large system level

On the basis of the intelligent system, through the construction of intelligent service platform, to achieve the efficient cooperation between many systems covering production, management, operation and sales, constitute the intelligent open-pit mountain system (as shown in Figure 2). Such as covering perforation, blasting, mining, transportation, disposal, reclamation, maintenance, finance, management, security, sales, design and other large-scale service platforms.

The intelligent large system mainly realizes the convergence of data, so as to optimize assets internally and form operational optimization services externally. Its main functions include: data storage, data fusion, distributed computing, big data analysis, data services, and on the basis of data services formed asset performance management and operation optimization services. Intelligent large systems can realize cross-system and cross-platform interconnection, interoperability and interoperability through big data platforms, and realize comprehensive information perception, in-depth analysis, scientific decision-making and accurate execution in the global scope [59]. These data are partially stored in the intelligent open pit mine intelligent service platform, and partially dispersed in each component. Unified management and integration of these data, as well as distributed computing and big data analysis capabilities of these data, enable these data to provide data services and effectively support the basis of advanced applications [60].

2.2 Digitalization - automation - intelligent construction principle

In recent years, the rapid development of intelligent technology has continuously integrated in traditional industries, resulting in a number of new intelligent devices, perceptual forms and networking methods, which have played a significant role in promoting the development and transformation of basic industries. The application cases of the development and upgrading process of "intelligent design, intelligent production, intelligent service, intelligent application" and other industrial fields are summarized (as shown in Figure 3). The following conclusions can be concluded: Intelligent technology has significantly improved system production efficiency in various application scenarios by building a closed-loop system of "state perception, real-time analysis, scientific decision-making, and accurate execution" [61].

For example, in the production and operation of the basic industry of energy mining, it is generally composed of the four elements of "human, machine, environment and pipe", but the personnel in the traditional production model is uncontrollable, the environment is difficult to predict, and the management is difficult, so the operation, monitoring and management of production equipment are extremely inconvenient. In addition, due to the inability of communication between equipment and equipment, the production process lacks coordination, resulting in the phenomenon of idle equipment or insufficient equipment, resulting in unreasonable and wasteful allocation of production resources and production capacity.

Through the "digitization" of uncertainty factors, the "automation" or even "intelligence" of the production process can be realized, so as to build a closed-loop system of "state perception, real-time analysis, scientific decision-making and accurate execution" in the mining process, which can solve the complexity and uncertainty problems in the design, production, management and operation processes, and improve the efficiency of resource allocation. Realize resource optimization.

Considering that the current understanding and grasp of the accurate meaning of "digital-automation-intelligent" and their mutual relations are not unified, it is necessary to combine the characteristics of open pit mines, and accurately describe the definitions and concepts in the construction of intelligent open pit mines, as follows:

1) Digitalization. Digitization is the basis for the development of computer, multimedia technology, software technology and intelligent technology, and is also one of the basic components of information technology system. "Digitization" focuses on data collection and quantification, and mainly realizes the perception of physical state. Open-pit digitization generally marks the early stage of the application of computer technology in mine development, research and production management, which focuses on the collection, storage and processing of mine information to achieve digitization, which is the basis of intelligent open-pit mine construction [62].

2) Automation. Automation refers to the process of machine equipment, system or process (production, management process) without the direct participation of people or less people, according to the requirements of people, through automatic detection, information processing, analysis and judgment, manipulation and control, to achieve the expected goal.

The concept of automation is a dynamic development process. In the past, people's understanding of automation, or the functional goal of automation, was to replace human operations with mechanical actions to automatically complete certain tasks. This is essentially the idea of automation replacing human manual labor. Later, with the development of electronic and information technology, especially with the emergence and widespread application of computers, the concept of automation has been expanded to use machines (including computers) not only to replace human physical labor but also to replace or assist mental labor to automatically complete specific tasks [63].