Intelligent open-pit mine construction basic framework and system design

Compared with the intelligent construction of mining and mining, the intelligent construction of open-pit mining is easier to realize and form a complete intelligent ecological network. Open-pit mine is a complex large-scale system, the most prominent feature is the multiple levels of business and complex structure of business system. Intelligent upgrading is the process of comprehensive upgrading and transformation of all components of the large system, and the goal of upgrading is not only reflected in a single equipment and a single link, but also mainly reflected in the common sharing and efficient use of information across equipment, across process links, across process systems, and across business categories. Therefore, in order to ensure the scientific, systematic and orderly construction of intelligent open-pit mine, it is necessary to make detailed planning and research on the theory, technology and overall construction plan of intelligent open-pit mine in a comprehensive and systematic way [46-48].

1 Definition of intelligent open pit mine

From the perspective of production factors of open-pit mines, the essence of intelligent open-pit mines is to deeply integrate the information technology across the two industrial revolutions with the open-pit coal industry, and through the information technology of production, safety, management, design and other work and the intelligence of mining machinery, so as to achieve a substantial increase in labor productivity of open-pit mines and a substantial reduction in the overall production cost.

From the perspective of system theory, cybernetics and information theory, intelligent open-pit mining is a complex system with mutual mapping, timely interaction and efficient collaboration between human, machine, material, environment and information in the process of open-pit mining by integrating advanced information technology such as perception, calculation, communication and control and automatic control technology. Realize on-demand response, fast iteration and dynamic optimization of resource allocation and operation in the system.

The so-called intelligent open-pit mine is based on digitization of mine data, production automation and management information, combined with new sensor technology, network communication technology, spatial information technology, artificial intelligence technology, etc., to realize intelligent perception, identification, memory, analysis and calculation, judgment and decision making, evaluation and assessment improvement of mine production and management, and achieve unmanned or less unmanned of the entire mine. Achieve green, safe and efficient mine [49-56].

2 Principles of intelligent open-pit mine construction

2.1 In accordance with the construction principle of "intelligent unit - intelligent system - intelligent large system"

(1) Division of system structure level

(1) Division of system structure level

Open-pit mine is a complex large-scale system, the most prominent feature is the multiple levels of business and complex structure of business system. The intelligent open-pit mine is necessarily the process of comprehensive upgrading and transformation of all components of the open-pit mine system, and the goal of upgrading is not only reflected in a single equipment and a single link, but also mainly reflected in the common sharing and efficient use of information across equipment, across process links, across process systems and across business categories. Therefore, in order to ensure the scientific, systematic and orderly development of intelligent open-pit mine construction, it is necessary to divide the entire intelligent mine system into three levels, namely intelligent unit, intelligent system and intelligent large system, according to the hierarchical level of the system, as follows:

1) Intelligence unit level

The intelligent unit is the indivisible smallest unit of the intelligent open-pit mine. Its essence is to perceive the state of the physical entity and the environment through software, calculate and analyze it, and finally control it to the physical entity, build the most basic closed loop of automatic data flow, and form the integration and interaction between the physical world and the information world [57]. At the same time, in order to interact with the outside world, the smart unit should have communication functions. The intelligent unit is the smallest intelligent open-pit mine unit with the functions of perception, computation, interaction, extensibility and self-decision. For example, the hardware and software of a truck to achieve positioning function constitute the smallest intelligence unit.

2) Intelligent system level

On the basis of the intelligent unit, through the introduction of the network, multiple intelligent units can communicate with each other and cooperate to form an intelligent system, such as the truck scheduling system (as shown in Figure 1). The intelligent system can realize a wider range and wider field of data flow, realize the interconnection, interoperability and interoperability of multiple intelligent units, and further improve the breadth, depth and accuracy of the optimal allocation of production resources. Based on the state perception, information interaction and real-time analysis of multiple intelligent units, the intelligent system realizes the self-organization, self-configuration, self-decision-making and self-optimization of local production resources [58]. On the basis of the smart unit function, the smart system also mainly includes interconnection, plug and play, edge gateway, data interoperability, collaborative control, monitoring and diagnosis.