Mine ecological environment pollution and ecological restoration

The second is to use the tailings as filler. In the mining process, some areas will be mined out, if the goaf is not filled, it may collapse and even cause earthquakes due to crustal activities, so when the mine is finished, the waste tailings can be used as a filler to fill the goaf, so that the tailings can be used on the spot.

Third, the tailings can be used as raw materials. For example, use tailings to make cement, use tailings to build roads, cover tailings with soil to grow crops, etc., to achieve the full utilization of tailings.

(2) Restoration of mine water resources

The damage of mine water resources is mainly due to the infiltration of harmful substances into groundwater, resulting in groundwater pollution. This problem can be solved through the construction of artificial wetlands. After the construction of artificial wetlands, soil and artificial media can adsorb and retain harmful substances, and microorganisms can decompose harmful substances. At the same time, for the sewage and waste water in the mining area, it is necessary to build a sewage treatment system, so that these sewage are purified and then discharged to the surface to reduce pollution.

In addition to the problem of groundwater pollution, the development of mine resources may also lead to a drop in water level, resulting in water shortage for local residents. In this case, water diversion can be adopted to relieve the local water pressure, or storage tanks can be built to jointly solve such problems.

The effective ways to protect mine water resources are as follows: strengthen the protection of groundwater in the process of mining, purify and treat the sewage and waste water in the mining area before discharging it, and at the same time, mainly store water to achieve scientific management of mine water resources.

(3) Restoration of mine soil

The pollution of mine soil is mainly the pollution of heavy metals and non-ferrous metals, and there are three main methods to repair such pollution: engineering physicochemical method, agricultural chemical regulation method and bioremediation method [4]. The main purpose of treatment is to achieve restoration by removing heavy metals in the soil, or avoiding the inflow of these heavy metals into the food chain, or changing the existence form of heavy metals.

Engineering physical and chemical methods include guest soil method, adsorption method and so on. The guest soil method is to remove the contaminated soil, which can be landfilled or burned, and then replaced with unpolluted soil. This method can remove heavy metals in the soil. The adsorption rule is that through the chemical characteristics of metal ions, the ions in the adsorbent form covalent or ionic bonds with heavy metal ions in the soil, so as to achieve the role of adsorption of heavy metal ions, reduce the heavy metal ions in the soil, and the purpose of repairing the soil can be achieved.

Bioremediation refers to planting some vegetation in polluted soil, which can degrade the polluted substances in the soil through the metabolic activities of these plants [5]. The extensive planting of vegetation will also lead to the increase of microorganisms in the soil, and the increase of microorganisms, the metabolic activities of microorganisms will also absorb or degrade harmful substances, so that the purpose of soil repair can be achieved. In addition to the restoration of soil, the planting of vegetation also has an important impact on the local ecological environment. The increase of green plants can consume carbon dioxide in the air and reduce the greenhouse effect, so bioremediation is also widely used.

Conclusion:

The reason why the ecological restoration work of the mine has become particularly important at present is that the ecological environment has suffered serious damage due to the previous development concept of "economic first". Economic development cannot be at the expense of the environment, and we must take the road of sustainable development. In order to solve the ecological environment problem of the mine, the first thing we have to do is to change our own concept and put the ecological environment in the first place in the mining process.