Mine ecological environment pollution and ecological restoration

From sandstorms to haze to global warming, environmental issues are getting more and more attention. Whether it is our country or other countries in the world, in the early stage of economic construction, it is inevitable to develop the economy at the expense of the environment, such a consequence is that today our ecological environment is getting worse and worse, and taking the sustainable green development road has become the common development goal of all countries. As an important energy development project of various countries, the development of mine resources, in addition to providing resources for the development of various countries, the ecological environment problems brought by its development have also become a major problem of environmental protection work. The implementation of the restoration of the ecological environment of mines will be conducive to the promotion of the entire environmental protection work.

First, the concept, significance and principle of mine ecological restoration

(A) mine ecological restoration concept

People's thoughts on the restoration of the ecological environment of mines appear with the rapid deterioration of the environment. This obviously lagging ecological restoration not only requires a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, but also may achieve little [1]. Therefore, in order to repair the ecological environment of the mine, it is necessary to change the traditional mining concept of "economic first, environmental lag", to take the concept of "environmental first", before mining resources, to develop relevant environmental protection measures, and fully implement environmental protection measures in the process of mining. Only in this way can the ecological restoration work of the mine be effective.

(2) Significance of mine ecological restoration

After mining, if the ecological restoration is not carried out effectively, it will bring many environmental problems. If the remaining tailings after mining are not cleaned up in time, under the action of the wind, these tailings will fly everywhere, not only forming sandstorm weather, but also falling in the surrounding area after the wind disappears, causing a huge impact on the surrounding environment. In addition, if the minerals containing heavy metals are not cleaned up in time, then after a long period of rainfall, they will penetrate into the groundwater and pollute the groundwater, causing bad effects on the human body. According to statistics, the direct or indirect losses caused by groundwater pollution in mining areas are up to tens of billions of yuan every year. Therefore, carrying out ecological restoration work in mines can not only bring ecological benefits, but also bring economic benefits.

(3) Principles of mine ecological restoration

The "restoration" we have been talking about is not only to restore the mine to its original appearance and plant the previous green vegetation, but to repair, transform and regulate the entire ecosystem after the mine is mined. In the process of mine restoration, it is necessary to carry out restoration according to the local reality, different regions have different soil properties, different needs of the masses and regional characteristics, etc., which are all factors that need to be taken into account in the process of restoration. In the process of mine ecological restoration, the most important restoration principle is to adapt to local conditions, which can make the abandoned mine play the maximum value. According to the different purposes and uses of mine abandoned land, we can establish forestry land ecosystem, recreational system and agricultural ecosystem to effectively restore it [2].

Second, the causes of mine ecological environmental pollution

First of all, in the mining process of the mine, there will be a large amount of dust material, after mining, there will be residual tailings. Whether it is dust or tailings, under the action of wind, it will be diffused in the air. Once the concentration of particulate matter in the air increases, the probability of haze weather will increase. Secondly, after the mining is completed, the surface is relatively empty, and if it encounters slight crustal movement, it may induce earthquakes. The slope of the mine is loosened during mining, and the landslide may occur under the influence of heavy rainfall. Finally, if mineral resources are not properly treated, especially non-ferrous metals, these harmful substances will penetrate to the surface along with precipitation in the process of development, polluting soil and water resources [3].

Iii. Remediation measures for ecological environmental pollution in mines

(1) Rational utilization of tailings

Tailings refers to the ore with the lowest useful mineral items after beneficiation and other comprehensive utilization treatment, and is the main component of solid waste.

For the treatment of tailings, we can mainly adopt the following ways to achieve comprehensive utilization:

One is to carry out technical treatment. Using more advanced technology, the tailings are screened again to maximize the recovery of useful parts of the tailings, so that the number of tailings can be minimized.

The second is to use the tailings as filler. In the mining process, some areas will be mined out, if the goaf is not filled, it may collapse and even cause earthquakes due to crustal activities, so when the mine is finished, the waste tailings can be used as a filler to fill the goaf, so that the tailings can be used on the spot.

Third, the tailings can be used as raw materials. For example, use tailings to make cement, use tailings to build roads, cover tailings with soil to grow crops, etc., to achieve the full utilization of tailings.

(2) Restoration of mine water resources

The damage of mine water resources is mainly due to the infiltration of harmful substances into groundwater, resulting in groundwater pollution. This problem can be solved through the construction of artificial wetlands. After the construction of artificial wetlands, soil and artificial media can adsorb and retain harmful substances, and microorganisms can decompose harmful substances. At the same time, for the sewage and waste water in the mining area, it is necessary to build a sewage treatment system, so that these sewage are purified and then discharged to the surface to reduce pollution.

In addition to the problem of groundwater pollution, the development of mine resources may also lead to a drop in water level, resulting in water shortage for local residents. In this case, water diversion can be adopted to relieve the local water pressure, or storage tanks can be built to jointly solve such problems.

The effective ways to protect mine water resources are as follows: strengthen the protection of groundwater in the process of mining, purify and treat the sewage and waste water in the mining area before discharging it, and at the same time, mainly store water to achieve scientific management of mine water resources.

(3) Restoration of mine soil

The pollution of mine soil is mainly the pollution of heavy metals and non-ferrous metals, and there are three main methods to repair such pollution: engineering physicochemical method, agricultural chemical regulation method and bioremediation method [4]. The main purpose of treatment is to achieve restoration by removing heavy metals in the soil, or avoiding the inflow of these heavy metals into the food chain, or changing the existence form of heavy metals.

Engineering physical and chemical methods include guest soil method, adsorption method and so on. The guest soil method is to remove the contaminated soil, which can be landfilled or burned, and then replaced with unpolluted soil. This method can remove heavy metals in the soil. The adsorption rule is that through the chemical characteristics of metal ions, the ions in the adsorbent form covalent or ionic bonds with heavy metal ions in the soil, so as to achieve the role of adsorption of heavy metal ions, reduce the heavy metal ions in the soil, and the purpose of repairing the soil can be achieved.

Bioremediation refers to planting some vegetation in polluted soil, which can degrade the polluted substances in the soil through the metabolic activities of these plants [5]. The extensive planting of vegetation will also lead to the increase of microorganisms in the soil, and the increase of microorganisms, the metabolic activities of microorganisms will also absorb or degrade harmful substances, so that the purpose of soil repair can be achieved. In addition to the restoration of soil, the planting of vegetation also has an important impact on the local ecological environment. The increase of green plants can consume carbon dioxide in the air and reduce the greenhouse effect, so bioremediation is also widely used.

Conclusion:

The reason why the ecological restoration work of the mine has become particularly important at present is that the ecological environment has suffered serious damage due to the previous development concept of "economic first". Economic development cannot be at the expense of the environment, and we must take the road of sustainable development. In order to solve the ecological environment problem of the mine, the first thing we have to do is to change our own concept and put the ecological environment in the first place in the mining process.