The deep-seated problems existing in China's shipbuilding industry at present

3. We must continue to enhance competitiveness and market vitality through opening-up

Shipbuilding industry is one of the earliest open fields in China, and it is also a comprehensive industry category with full competition and international integration. In the past 70 years since the founding of New China, especially in the past 40 years of reform and opening up, it is precisely because China's shipbuilding industry has actively integrated into the global industrial division of labor chain and value chain, continuously deepened opening up to the outside world, actively carried out international cooperation, and deeply integrated into the global market, which has prompted the shipbuilding industry to continue to develop and grow in international competition, and its comprehensive strength has been significantly enhanced, thus growing into the world's most important shipbuilding country. From the perspective of the development of China's shipbuilding industry opening to the outside world, the strategies of opening to the outside world in different development stages are not the same. From 1978 to the end of the 20th century, China established an export-oriented open development road, opening up to the outside world to "introduce", focusing on strengthening the introduction of technology, standards, etc., the shipbuilding industry went abroad to achieve product exports, and in the fierce international market competition continues to develop and grow, out of a "export - introduction - improvement - re-export" successful road. After 2002, before the outbreak of the international financial crisis, China duly adjusted the foreign access policy, continued to expand development and actively attract foreign investment, and encouraged foreign investment in ship design, repair and construction, and design and construction of supporting products. After the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008, according to the changes in the development environment and market position of the shipbuilding industry, China has adopted a phased policy of "taking and releasing" in the field of high-end ship types, ship supporting and conventional ships. The documents of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee and a number of documents issued by the State on the shipbuilding industry also point out the development direction of "going out" for the shipbuilding industry from the perspective of foreign investment cooperation, cultivating international first-class groups, obtaining advanced technologies and brands, and optimizing industrial layout. In July 2018, the new "Special Management Measures for Foreign Investment Access (Negative List) (2018 edition)" eliminated the requirement that the design, manufacturing and repair of ships (including sections) should be controlled by the Chinese side, which means that the shipbuilding industry has achieved full opening-up. Adhering to the development strategy of "bringing in" and "going out", giving full play to the vitality of both international and domestic markets, and encouraging enterprises to strengthen their strength in participating in international competition is the beneficial experience of 70 years of development of China's shipbuilding industry.

(4) We must pay attention to the promotion and guidance role of industrial policies

It can be seen from the 70-year development history of China's shipbuilding industry that the rapid development and growth of the shipbuilding industry cannot be separated from the effective promotion and active guidance of the national industrial policy. Before the reform and opening up, the impact of the shipbuilding industry policy is mainly manifested in the importance and concern of the Party and state leaders to the shipbuilding industry, as well as the implementation of the backbone shipbuilding enterprises and institutions. During this period, the shipbuilding industry policy was often the Party and state leaders or personally visited the shipbuilding industry enterprises and institutions, or listened to the report, and made important instructions or specific instructions for the shipbuilding industry; According to the instructions and instructions of the Party and state leaders, the shipping industry actively implements it, and then promotes the healthy and sustainable development of the shipping industry. Reform and opening up, especially after entering the new century, China has successively promulgated the "Medium and Long-term Development Plan for the Shipbuilding Industry (2006-2015)", "Eleventh Five-Year Plan for the Development of Shipbuilding Industry Science and Technology", "Shipbuilding Industry Adjustment and Revitalization Plan", "Shipbuilding Industry Deepening Structural Adjustment and Accelerating Transformation and Upgrading Action Plan (2016-2020)" and other special plans related to the shipbuilding industry. To guide the ship industry along the right path of healthy and sustainable development. The State promulgated and implemented the "Made in China 2025", "Guiding Opinions on Promoting International Cooperation in Production Capacity and Equipment Manufacturing", "Guiding Opinions on Financial Support for the shipbuilding Industry to Accelerate structural adjustment and Promote transformation and upgrading", "Notice on the pilot work of the first (set) insurance compensation mechanism for major technical equipment", and "on the implementation of major engineering packages to enhance the core competitiveness of the manufacturing industry" A series of policies and measures such as "Zhi" are also conducive to supporting the healthy and sustainable development of the shipbuilding industry. Policy documents such as "Several Opinions on Promoting the Reform and Development of Tourism", "Several Opinions on Promoting the healthy Development of the maritime industry" and "Strategic Action Plan for Energy Development (2014-2020)" also constitute major policy benefits for China's shipping industry. It can be seen that the healthy and sustainable development of the shipbuilding industry cannot be separated from the strong support of the Party and the government. Industrial policy, as an effective means for the state and the government to regulate the shipbuilding industry, must pay attention to the promotion and guidance role of industrial policy.