The challenges and composition of printing industry

1. Challenges facing the industry

(1) The concentration of the printing industry is low

The concentration of China's printing industry is low, the product homogeneity is high, there are more printing enterprises of the same type to choose from, the customer transfer cost is low, the viscosity is not high, and the competition in the industry is fierce. The fierce competition caused by homogenization restricts the development of the industry to some extent.

In addition, the industry concentration is low, and the small size of enterprises means that the upstream raw materials lack bargaining power. The concentration of the upstream base paper industry is high, resulting in a strong upstream bargaining power, in addition to a small number of enterprises with upstream and downstream industry chain integration capabilities or large-scale operations, most enterprises in the face of upstream suppliers lack bargaining power, poor ability to resist the price fluctuations of raw materials, restricting the development of the industry.

(2) High-end printing equipment depends on imports

At present, the middle and low grade printing equipment produced in China can basically meet the domestic demand, but there is still a big gap with the advanced level of foreign countries in speed, performance, stability, reliability, automation and information technology, and high-end printing equipment is still mainly dependent on imports. Although China's industrial policy focuses on supporting the development of digital printing technology and equipment, high-end printing machinery, high-end post-press equipment and green environmental protection equipment and other import substitution products, but in the short term still can not change the situation that high-end printing equipment mainly relies on imports. At present, domestic enterprises still need to spend high prices to purchase foreign high-end printing equipment, which has an adverse impact on the profitability of enterprises.

(3) The threat of electronic media to paper media is increasing

The Internet revolution has brought about major changes in the way information is disseminated. With the emergence and popularization of electronic media, the role of printing is relatively weakened. However, from the perspective of the market size of the printing industry, the market size of printing products based on paper is still growing and has maintained a high level for a long time. In the coming period, electronic media and traditional print media will complement each other and coexist.

2. Composition of industry barriers

(1) Technical barriers

The printing industry needs to achieve its profit goals through cost control, and cost control requires enterprises to have advanced production technology, forming a technical barrier to the industry. As large-scale enterprises in the industry continue to implement technical transformation of existing equipment, improve equipment performance, improve production efficiency, reduce product consumption, combined with intelligent and automated prepress processing system, highly automated full-process printing and other technologies, to ensure the industry's leading level of production technology. The advanced production technology and process of large-scale enterprises in the industry through the accumulation of time and experience constitute a certain obstacle to new entrants in the market.

In addition, the printing enterprises operating through the e-commerce platform also have the characteristics of Internet enterprises, that is, there are certain requirements for the information technology level of the enterprises themselves. Under the background of the transformation of traditional enterprises to "Internet +", frequent online transactions and a large amount of background data processing have put forward new requirements and challenges for enterprises' investment and experience accumulation in information technology. Enterprises with sound information technology research and development capabilities will be able to achieve more efficient operations and more accurately grasp the development trend of the industry. At the same time, with the improvement of per capita GDP and disposable income, consumers' demand for printing and packaging products is increasing, and enterprises are also putting forward higher requirements in product research and development and consumer demand analysis ability.

(2) Talent barrier

The printing industry needs to establish a systematic talent training system for product research and development, design, testing, manufacturing and operation management. In recent years, with the continuous growth of China's macro economy and the rapid development of downstream industries, China's printing industry has maintained a good momentum of growth, and the demand for professional talents is also increasing. With the development of the printing business model from the traditional single production and manufacturing model to the integrated solution model; From the traditional offline physical printing sales model to the online C2B production and sales model, the contradiction between the supply and demand of relevant talents has become increasingly apparent.