ABB robot control system consists of three parts: robot body, controller and demonstrator.
The IRC5 controller is available in single-cabinet, dual-cabinet and compact models, and its internal component types are basically the same, but the spatial layout is different. This article uses the single-cabinet controller as an example.
The black part on the left is the external control area, from top to bottom is the main power switch, emergency stop button, motor start button/indicator light, mode selection knob, demonstrator connection port, some controllers have some optional interfaces, such as Ethernet interface, USB interface, etc.
Open the door of the controller cabinet, and you can see its internal main components and distribution, including:
Power module;
Power distribution board;
Contactor module;
The main computer;
Supercapacitor;
Main servo drive unit;
Safety panel;
Axis computer board;
I/O module board;
The power module converts 220V AC power into 24V DC power and sends it to the power distribution board.
The power distribution board supplies 24V power to hardware such as the main computer, safety panel and shaft computer board.
The main computer, also known as the host computer, is the brain of the entire controller, which runs the robotic operating system RobotWare-OS and executes user-written programs that control the actions the robot takes to respond. The main computer has many interfaces, such as service ports to the programming PC, ports to connect to the demonstrator, ports to connect to the shaft computer board, ports to connect to the safety panel, different fieldbus card interfaces (e.g. PRROFIBUS, PROFNET, DeviveNet, etc.), safety board interfaces, and other optional interfaces.
Supercapacitors can provide power to the main computer for a certain amount of time in the case of power failure.
The main servo drive is used to drive the robot's 6-axis servo motor.
The safety Panel (Panel Board) is used to connect some safety-related signals, and its LED lights should be lit in normal operation.
The axis computer board receives the position data returned by the robot axis Serial Measuring Board (SMB), compares and computations with the previous position data, and outputs new position and speed control parameters.
The I/O module board is a user defined input/output signal board used to connect external signals.
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