Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), a digital electronic device with a microprocessor, a digital logic controller for automated control, can
Control instructions are loaded in memory at any time for storage and execution. The programmable controller is composed of internal CPU, instruction and data memory, input and output unit, power module, digital analog unit and so on
into
Widely used in the field of industrial control. Before programmable logic controllers, it took hundreds of relays and counters to create an automated system with the same functionality.
Simple programmable logic controller modules have essentially replaced these large devices. The system program of the programmable logic controller is generally initialized before leaving the factory, and the user can root
According to their own needs to edit the corresponding user program to meet different automated production requirements.
The original programmable logic controller only has the function of circuit logic control, so it is named programmable logic controller, and later with the continuous development, these computer modules with simple functions have been
Including logic control, timing control, analog control, multi-machine communication and many other functions, the name is also changed to Programmable Controller (Programmable Controller), but because of its abbreviation
The abbreviation for PC conflicts with Personal Computer, and because of the habit of using it for many years, people still often use the term programmable logic controller, and it is still used in the terminology
The abbreviation PLC is used.
PLC is essentially a computer dedicated to industrial control, its hardware structure is basically the same as the microcomputer, the basic composition is:
a, power supply
The power supply of PLC plays a very important role in the whole system. If there is not a good, reliable power system is not able to work properly, so the manufacturer of PLC power supply design and manufacturing is also
Attach great importance to. An AC voltage fluctuation in the range of +10%(+15%), the PLC can be directly connected to the AC grid without taking other measures
b. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The central processing unit (CPU) is the control center of the PLC. It receives and stores user programs and data typed from the programmer in accordance with the functions assigned by the PLC system program: check power, memory, I/O, and alarms
Check the state of the timer and diagnose syntax errors in the user program. When the PLC is put into operation, it first receives the status and data of each input device in the field by scanning, and stores it into the I/O map respectively
Image area, and then read the user program one by one from the user program memory, after command interpretation according to the provisions of the instruction to perform logic or arithmetic operation results into the I/O image area or data register. isoko
After the execution of some user programs, the data in the output state or output register of the I/O image area is finally transmitted to the corresponding output device, so the cycle runs until it stops running.
In order to further improve the reliability of the PLC, in recent years, the large PLC has also adopted a redundant system with double cpus, or a three-CPU voting system. This way, even if one CPU fails, the whole system
The system is still functioning normally.
C, memory
The memory that stores the system software is called the system program memory.
The memory in which application software is stored is called user program memory.
d, input and output interface circuit
1, the field input interface circuit is composed of optical coupling circuit and microcomputer input interface circuit, which is the input channel of the interface interface of PLC and field control.
2. The field output interface circuit is integrated by the output data register, the elector and the interrupt request circuit, and the PLC outputs the corresponding control signal to the executing parts of the field through the field output interface circuit.
e. Function module
Such as counting, positioning and other functional modules
f, communication module
Such as Ethernet, RS485, Profibus-DP communication module
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