To interpret the status quo and management mode of chemical parks at home and abroad

I. Experience in management mode of chemical parks at home and abroad

1. Ludwig Chemical District, Germany

The Ludwig Chemical Park is located on the banks of the Rhine River in Germany, covering an area of 7.11 square kilometers, and is an integrated petrochemical production base built by BASF.

There are 32,000 employees in the park, of whom about 16% are R&D personnel. In this integrated production site, the plants are connected to each other, and the waste or by-products of one project or plant can be used as inputs or raw materials for the next project or plant.

At the same time, in Ludwig Chemical Zone, public works and auxiliary facilities are often centralized construction and unified supply services, which not only reduces the cost of environmental pollution control, but also the most effective use of resources and logistics, fully reflecting the concept of circular economy.

2. Rotterdam Port Chemical Park, Netherlands

The Rotterdam Port Chemical Park is located in the delta where the Rhine and Maas rivers enter the sea, with a harbor industrial belt integrating chemical, oil refining and shipbuilding, and is one of the world's major petrochemical production centers.

As a mature integrated chemical park, the development mode and management mode of Rotterdam Port Chemical Park are of great significance for the development of chemical parks in China.

First, make full use of geographical advantages to build a port-centered industrial park.

Second, actively develop port logistics and transportation services, and build the Rotterdam Port Chemical Park into an international shipping hub for global economic activities and resource allocation.

Third, through reasonable planning, to build an international city with integrated port and city.

3. Shanghai Chemical Industry Zone

Shanghai Chemical Industry Zone is located on the north bank of Hangzhou Bay. Since its establishment, Shanghai Chemical Industry Zone has been vigorously developing an integrated circular economy, integrating clean production, comprehensive utilization of resources and sustainable development into one, and promoting the construction of an integrated industrial chain.

The scale effect of the circular economy in the chemical industry area mainly comes from the sharing of public infrastructure, that is, the centralized supply of energy, industrial water and raw materials, and the comprehensive recycling and utilization of waste heat, wastewater and waste. Infrastructure sharing can improve facility efficiency and resource recycling, reduce energy consumption and waste emissions, and significantly reduce business operating costs.

2. Current situation and problems of chemical industry parks in China

1. Development status of chemical industry parks in China

China's chemical industry parks are mainly divided into five types: petrochemical, fine chemical, urban relocation, enterprise expansion and resource.

Petrochemical chemical parks are generally large in scale, with oil-ethylene plants as the leader, driving the development of a series of downstream industries, and this type of chemical park mainly includes Shanghai Chemical Industrial Park and Nanjing Chemical Park.

Fine chemical-type chemical parks mainly focus on fine and special chemicals and bulk synthetic materials, such as Nantong Economic Development Zone and Taixing Chemical Park.

Urban relocation chemical park refers to the original scattered chemical enterprises unified move to the new chemical park, such as Tianjin Development Area Chemical Industrial Park, Hefei Chemical Park, etc.

Enterprise expansion chemical park refers to the expansion on the basis of the original enterprise, such as Qilu Chemical Industrial Park.

Resource-based chemical parks are often established in areas rich in coal and other resources, so the investment cost is relatively low, such as Yulin coal-based energy and chemical base, Ningdong energy and chemical base, etc.

In recent years, chemical parks with petrochemical industry, coal chemical industry, natural gas chemical industry and salt chemical industry positioning have gradually developed in China's coastal, Yangtze and central and western regions.

Due to the influence of local economic development level and government environmental awareness, the development level of chemical industry parks in China is unbalanced.

At the beginning of the development, some industrial parks have determined a reasonable industrial positioning, combining the development of the park with the local economy, development planning and national industrial policies, and now have a larger scale, such as Shanghai Chemical Industrial Park and Nanjing Chemical Industrial Park.

However, in some economically underdeveloped areas, although the park has introduced some projects and has a certain scale, due to reasons such as eager to attract investment, blind site selection and construction, and insufficient supervision, the competitive advantage of the park is not obvious, and environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious.

2. Problems in the development of chemical industry parks in China

Based on the basic situation and management status of chemical industry parks in China, there are mainly the following problems:

First, the lack of unified and reasonable park construction planning.

At the beginning of the development and construction of the chemical park, the local actual situation was not combined, and the construction of the chemical park was blindly promoted, and the site selection, industrial positioning, planning and other aspects were not evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively, resulting in unreasonable layout and repeated construction of the park, and the problems arising in the later development process could not be effectively solved.

In the construction of the chemical park, it is often the first construction and then planning, and the enterprises first acquire land and build it at a fixed point, resulting in the production area, living area, storage area, etc., which fails to make reasonable use of public infrastructure and lacks a unified park construction plan.

Second, low entry threshold, blind introduction.

In order to achieve economic development, some parks are eager to succeed in the introduction of enterprises. Some parks ignore the technical content of projects, at the expense of the environment, introduce some projects with serious pollution, excess production capacity and backward technology into the park, leaving hidden dangers for the sustainable development of the park.

Third, environmental management capacity is insufficient.

At present, due to the increase of environmental protection tasks, the change of environmental management objects (from a single type to a decentralized type), the lack of environmental law enforcement supervision mechanisms and local protectionism constraints, it is difficult to supervise and enforce the law in most chemical parks, and the corresponding environmental management has failed to keep up with the development of chemical parks.

In addition, some enterprises have weak environmental awareness, and the phenomenon of stolen discharge and leakage occurs from time to time, which further increases the difficulty of supervision and management of chemical parks.

Fourth, environmental infrastructure is lagging behind.

Some small-scale or newly established chemical parks are busy attracting investment, and although they have certain plans for the construction of environmental protection infrastructure in the parks, the construction is slow. In order to attract foreign investment, some parks allow enterprises to put into production when the sewage collection network and centralized sewage treatment plant have not been completed, causing serious pollution to the surrounding environment and threatening the production and life of the surrounding people.

Iii. Inspiration of management mode of advanced chemical parks at home and abroad

1. Rational planning of chemical parks

Shanghai Chemical Industry Park has a clear development plan at the beginning of its construction, and according to the industrial development trend and the concept of circular economy, enterprises are guided to the key points of development. Therefore, reasonable planning of chemical industry park is a necessary means to ensure the effective implementation of environmental management in chemical industry park.

First of all, we need to scientifically locate the site and strictly implement the relevant regulations. Secondly, the planning layout and industrial positioning of the park should meet the requirements of environmental protection, actively promote the industry with the nature of circular economy, and promote the economic formation of the industrial chain of the chemical park. Finally, enterprises that have not passed the review of the planning EIA or failed to meet the requirements of the park planning EIA should not be allowed to enter

2. Strengthen infrastructure construction

At present, some chemical parks lag behind in infrastructure construction, resulting in environmental management means can not be effectively implemented.

Therefore, the chemical industry park should strengthen the construction of infrastructure, such as the park sewage collection network, centralized sewage treatment facilities, central heating system, centralized solid waste and so on.

At the same time, learn from the environmental management experience of chemical parks in developed countries, such as the introduction of BOT mode in infrastructure construction, that is, infrastructure construction is no longer undertaken by the government, but on the premise of reaching an agreement between the government and enterprises, to encourage enterprises in the park and other social investment subjects to actively raise funds to build a certain infrastructure, and adhere to the principle of enterprise-oriented, government-guided and promoted.

The introduction of BOT mode can not only improve the operation efficiency of the project, but also reduce the interest disputes between the government and enterprises, and promote the sound development of the park.

3. Strengthen the service and supervision of the park

Improve the level of grassroots environmental management, improve the effectiveness of environmental supervision in chemical parks, and strengthen the construction of environmental management institutions. The environmental protection department should be involved in the construction project of the park in advance, and professional environmental regulatory agencies can be set up to conduct real-time on-site supervision during the supervision of the park.

At the same time, we should strengthen the publicity of environmental protection and improve the environmental awareness of enterprises and individuals. Each chemical park should also be equipped with professional personnel, responsible for environmental supervision, improve environmental protection files and other work.

4. In line with national industrial policy

The above analysis of the management experience of advanced chemical parks shows that promoting industrial integration based on industrial agglomeration can not only enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of enterprises, but also reduce environmental pollution and improve resource utilization.

At the same time, the introduction of chemical park projects should conform to the national industrial policy, and give priority to the introduction of projects that are conducive to the extension of the industrial chain and the comprehensive utilization of resources.

Focus on the development of high technical content, low pollution, low energy consumption of products, for the state expressly prohibited items or produce carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic substances are not allowed to enter the park. In the construction of the industrial chain to consider the upstream and downstream connection, to promote the integration of industrial development.