Types and prevention measures of mine geological disasters

(1) Establish and improve pre-mining risk assessment and environmental assessment, and formulate policies, regulations and planning systems for environmental protection and restoration management. It should be strictly assessed before mining, actively prevented during production, and actively restored after mining, and the restoration of mining geological environment and land restoration should be incorporated into laws and regulations and enforced.

(2) Strengthen publicity, popularize the knowledge of mine geological disaster prevention and control, improve the quality of mining personnel, and enhance their sense of crisis and alertness to geological disasters. Improve the skills and means of disaster prevention and mitigation of all personnel in the process of mine production, and strengthen the training of mine geological disaster prevention, risk avoidance and rescue.

(3) Develop and apply advanced information, geophysical and geochemical exploration means to closely monitor mine geology, implement real-time monitoring and dynamic monitoring of potential disasters that may occur, establish a mine geological disaster monitoring system, realize a dynamic tracking and management system of mine geology and environmental ecology, and avoid major personnel and property losses.

(4) Strengthen the design of mine and mine slope, conduct slope monitoring, strengthen the retaining wall to stabilize the geological structure of the slope, if there is cracking and deformation after excavation, timely geological investigation, and take preventive measures. Reasonable construction of tailings dam, the formation of a stable mine and tailings reservoir, reduce the risk of landslide and collapse.

(5) For tunnel mining, it is necessary to do a good job of supporting in the tunnel, so as to support while mining, to prevent the harm caused by the collapse of the mine roof, roof falling, etc., especially to prevent the upper ground cracking when there are households above, and to do a good job of the drainage design of the tunnel to prevent the harm caused by the water gushing in the mine.

(6) Strengthen mine environmental supervision and inspection, and conduct comprehensive and systematic geological environment and geological disaster impact assessment. We will resolutely shut down small and low-productivity mines that damage the ecological environment. For polluting mining areas, formulate scientific mining and "three wastes" discharge plans to reduce the occurrence of secondary geological disasters. Restore the ecological environment after mining, and actively backfill the waste mine that can be backfilled.

(7) For the prevention and control of geological disasters and ecological environment restoration in mine closures, timely treatment and ecological restoration should be carried out, comprehensive promotion of mine geological disaster prevention and comprehensive environmental management, reclamation, improvement of land reclamation rate, combined with ecological measures to implement mine ecological environment comprehensive management demonstration projects. After the slag dump is treated, the topsoil is applied, and grass and trees are planted. Through the above geological environment restoration work, the soil erosion can be reduced, the ecological function of the mine can be restored, and the purpose of ecological restoration and the harmony between human and environment can be achieved.

(8) Include mine geological disaster prevention into the government agenda and national economic development plans and plans, and arrange geological disaster prevention and control funds according to a certain proportion, such as the establishment of mine environmental restoration and management, government-funded mine environmental protection, geological disaster investigation and prevention funds.