8 concepts about green mines

"Green" is the main color of nature, green is a symbol of life, health, vitality and hope. But "green" is not a basket into which you can put everything.

With the acceleration of green mine construction, there have been multiple concepts interweaving, such as green exploration, green development, green mine, green mining, mine ecological restoration, mine environmental restoration, mine ecological restoration, mine ecological reconstruction, etc., what is the difference between these words?

It is necessary to distinguish these concepts, can not imitate others, but can not blindly follow, so as not to be "green", so as to enter the "green" misunderstanding.

■ Green exploration

Under the guidance of the concept of green development, green exploration is a new exploration mode that minimizes the negative impact on the ecological environment by adjusting the geological prospecting methods and technologies that have a greater impact on the ecological environment, and adopts advanced prospecting methods, methods, equipment and processes to minimize the environmental impact in the whole process of geological exploration, so as to achieve a win-win situation for both prospecting and environmental protection.

■ Green development

Green development is "green development" in the narrow sense. First of all, it is necessary to clarify the concept of mineral resources development, from the "Interim Measures for the Supervision and Management of Mineral resources" can be seen that one of the preconditions for "mineral resources development" is "mine".

Since it is a mine, "development" is the behavior of mining enterprises that have reached a certain degree of exploration and have been evaluated and registered and obtained mining licenses, including exploration and mining of mining enterprises, but does not include the census, detailed inspection and exploration of geological exploration work that we usually talk about the most.

"Exploration" in "exploitation of mineral resources" refers specifically to the exploration of mining enterprises. Secondly, it refers to the green development of mineral resources, which is a collection of green exploration, clean mining and pollution-free use of mines. It refers to the recovery and reuse of resources and pollutants by using specific machinery and equipment, limiting the discharge of pollutants, and adopting specific technology to carry out green management of the whole process of mineral resources development. Finally achieve the goal of optimizing resources, reducing material consumption, reducing energy consumption, and protecting the environment.

Specifically, the specific machine equipment refers to the mining enterprise after the use of the equipment can save resources, reduce energy consumption, reduce pollutant emissions. Limiting the emission of pollutants means that it is higher than the emission standard in China's technical standards for the control of mine pollution (that is, the allowable content of the pollution contained in the emission of the mine in a unit time).

Specific process technology refers to the mine through the use of some innovative technical means to reduce the emission of pollutants, or the effective treatment of pollutants already produced, so as to improve the utilization efficiency of mineral resources, reduce pollutant emissions. Green management refers to the development of mineral resources in the whole process, formulate the corresponding production, audit, information disclosure and other systems, from a macro level of management, to achieve the goal of harmonious coexistence of mineral resources mining and the environment.

■ Green mine

Green mine is relative to the traditional extensive mine with high exploitation, low utilization and high emission. Green mine refers to the whole process of mineral resources development, not only to strictly implement scientific and orderly mining, but also to control the disturbance of the mining area and the surrounding environment within the range of environmental tolerance.

Green mine is not a simple "green mine", planting trees and grass, but covers the whole industrial chain of mining, safety, production, management, environmental protection, resource utilization, scientific and technological innovation, community harmony, corporate culture and other deep "green", it can be said that green mine construction runs through the whole process of mine development such as mine planning, design, construction, operation and mine closure.

Once the mine is closed, that is to say, the mine that is no longer in production, even the minimum "mine" is not anymore, what is the "green mine"? It can only be regarded as ecological restoration or environmental restoration or ecological restoration or ecological reconstruction of industrial brownfield or abandoned land, because it no longer meets the requirements of green mine construction, and its disposal work is only limited to the improvement of its ecological environment to the maximum extent.

■ Green Mining

Compared with the traditional "black or brown mining", green mining is the product of the third technological revolution and the era of ecological civilization.

Green mining means that under the norms of ecological civilization, the concept of green development runs through all links of mining development such as mineral resources exploration, mining, processing, management and land reclamation in mining areas.

With resource conservation and environmental protection as the basic requirements, green planning, green technology, green production, green policy, green action, green management as the strategic framework;

Scientific mining methods, efficient utilization of resources, standardized enterprise management, environmental protection of production processes, ecological mining environment, mining order harmony into the implementation of the path to achieve economic benefits, social benefits, ecological benefits of the sustainable development of mining.

The connotation of green mining is mainly manifested in two aspects:

On the one hand, the resources themselves, that is, reasonable development, full use;

On the other hand, there are environmental problems caused by mining, that is, to minimize the impact of mineral resources exploitation on the ecological environment. Therefore, green mining is not a simple denial of traditional mining, but the adjustment, transformation, transcendence and innovation of traditional mining.

■ Mine ecological restoration

Mine ecological restoration is to use the principles and methods of ecological engineering or ecological balance and material circulation to improve, improve, restore and reproduce the survival and development state of mining organisms (groups) in polluted, damaged and stressed environments, also known as mine ecosystem restoration.

The emphasis is on the overall reconstruction and improvement of the damaged mine ecosystem by human beings, the necessary conditions for its occurrence, the further improvement and comprehensive improvement of the nature by human beings, and the partial return to the structure and function of the mine ecosystem before the disturbance.

■ Mine environmental restoration

Mine environmental restoration is the restoration of the polluted mine environment, that is, the use of engineering and technical means, physical and chemical means to reduce the concentration of pollutants in the polluted mine environment to the state before pollution, including environmental biological restoration and environmental ecological restoration two levels.

Environmental bioremediation is only the use of biological life metabolic activities to degrade the pollutants in the polluted mine environment, and make them non-toxic and harmless.

Environmental ecological restoration is to restore the mine polluted environment through the self-organization and self-regulation ability of the ecosystem, and to degrade the mine pollutants by selecting special plants and microorganisms and artificially constructing the ecosystem. Mine environmental restoration is an intrinsic part of mine ecological restoration.

■ Mine ecological restoration

Mine ecological restoration means that the disturbed and damaged mine ecosystem (soil, plants and wildlife, etc.) can be restored to the natural state close to its disturbed state by using the ecosystem succession and self-recovery ability under the assisted control of human beings.

It is a full sense of restoration, requiring limited intervention, while emphasizing the return to the original state from the level of natural science and engineering technology, is required to fully return to the structure and function of the mine ecosystem before the disturbance.

It includes the process of returning to the original state, restoring and managing the integrity of the native ecosystem of the mine.

It also includes the perfection and health of the critical range of changes in mine biodiversity, ecological structures and processes, regional and historical content, and sustainable social practices, but does not include the meaning of restoration.

■ Mine ecological reconstruction

The ecological reconstruction of mine refers to the re-establishment and construction of the ecological environment of mine by taking the original ecological environment of mine or the surrounding ecological environment as the main reference.

It includes re-establishing the original ecosystem without improving and trimming it, or abandoning the original ecosystem and establishing a new ecological environment, which must be better than the original ecological system and more suitable for mine production, human survival and sustainable development.

In short, green mine construction is a community of mining environment, resource development mode, comprehensive utilization of resources, energy saving and emission reduction, scientific and technological innovation and digitization (intelligent) mine, enterprise management and corporate image, which is not only indispensable, but also adopts the "double standard" system in the evaluation process, that is, the first level index and the total index of the evaluation index reach the standard at the same time, which is the green mine construction reaches the standard.

In addition, the prerequisites for the application of green mine construction selection are:

(1) The license is legal and valid;

(2) no administrative punishment within three years;

(3) the mining owner is not included in the abnormal list of mining owners;

(4) meet the requirements of new construction and production mines;

(5) The scope and location of the mining area do not involve all types of natural protected areas.

These conditions are met to be included in the green mine selection. Some mining enterprises may think that if they cannot enter the list of green mines, they will not carry out green mine construction, which is wrong.

Because many provinces have set a deadline for green mine construction to meet the standards, such as Inner Mongolia rules that by the end of 2025, all mines must meet the standards of green mine construction, otherwise they can only withdraw from mining activities.

Although the four concepts of mine ecological restoration, mine environmental restoration, mine ecological restoration and mine ecological reconstruction are slightly different, they basically emphasize the greening of the mine, which is an important part of realizing the ecological environment of the mining area and the harmony of the mining area community. The score of the green mine evaluation index system accounts for about 12%. It is basically part of the "mining environment" and "resource development mode" of the first-level indicators, so mining enterprises must pay attention to this point, and cannot think that the completion of the "green mine" will complete the green mine construction.