Current situation and prospect of photovoltaic power generation in China

Part One: Solar energy resources overview

In 2021, the amount of solar radiation in China is lower than the annual average, and the distribution of solar radiation in China shows a trend of first increasing from northwest to southeast, then decreasing and then increasing. The national average annual horizontal level total radiation exposure in 2021 should be 5,376 megajoules per square meter, which is about 1.7% lower than the average for the past 30 years, that is, from 1991 to 2020. The total auxiliary illumination of the national average photovoltaic power generation optimal slope is also 6295 megajoules per square meter, which is about 1.2% lower than the average value in the past 30 years. According to regional statistics, the total annual level of China in 2021 is also lower than the average of previous years in northern regions, and mainly higher in southern regions. According to the statistics of provincial administrative areas, just like Shanghai, Anhui, Tianjin, Yunnan, Hainan, the annual total amount of water level is close to the average value of previous years; Like Hunan, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Sichuan is larger, like Guangxi, Fujian is significantly larger, like Jilin, Shandong, Hubei, Henan, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Xinjiang, Chongqing, then Xizang, Shaanxi, Jiangsu is smaller, Liaoning, Ningxia, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Gansu, is significantly smaller, which is a general situation of solar energy resources.

Part two: The development of photovoltaic power generation

First, the development process

(1) Initial stage of development

From 1978 to around 2005, after the reform and opening up, the state supported photovoltaic application demonstration projects, so that photovoltaic systems were developed in industrial and rural applications, such as small household systems and village power supply systems. After 2000, the state has launched the power plan of the western provinces and regions without electricity boxes, bright project and other projects, so that the photovoltaic power generation system has played an important role in solving the problem of electricity consumption of farmers and herdsmen in remote areas without electricity. According to statistics, as of the end of 2005, China's cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation is about 70,000 kilowatts.

(2) Industrialization development stage

Probably from 2006 to 2012, we all know that in 2006 China issued the "renewable Energy Law", began to gradually establish a policy environment conducive to the healthy development of photovoltaic power generation industry. Since 2009, China has implemented the Golden Sun demonstration project, photoelectric building application demonstration project; In 2009 and 2010, China has launched two rounds of photovoltaic concession bidding projects, which effectively promoted the development and construction of photovoltaic power generation projects, product research and development and manufacturing.

(3) Stage of large-scale development

Probably from 2013, in order to expand the domestic photovoltaic market, in 2013 The State Council issued a number of opinions on promoting the healthy development of the photovoltaic industry, after this, the ministries and local governments actively issued policy documents to support and regulate the development of the photovoltaic industry, in a series of favorable policies to promote the rapid development of China's photovoltaic power generation market. By the end of 2020, the cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation has reached 253 million kilowatts, with centralized photovoltaic accounting for about 175 million kilowatts and distributed photovoltaic accounting for about 80 million.

Second, development policy environment

China has formulated a series of policy measures to support the development of the photovoltaic power generation industry, and the continuous implementation and adjustment to promote the development and utilization of photovoltaic power generation has achieved obvious results. In 2021, the industry management method continued to optimize and adjust, in May, the National Energy Administration issued a notice on the development and construction of wind power photovoltaic power generation related matters.

Third, development status

In terms of installed capacity, the new installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation in 2021 reached 54.88 million KWH, a record high, and a year-on-year increase of about 17%. Most of the new installed capacity is parity projects, and the cumulative installed capacity reached 306 million kilowatts by the end of 2021, ranking first in the world in both new and cumulative installed capacity. In terms of operation, the national photovoltaic power generation in 2021 continued to increase, reaching 325.9 billion kilowatts, an increase of about 25%, accounting for 4% of the total power generation, an increase of 0.6 percentage points.

Under the general trend of global energy green low-carbon transformation, foreign trade is also growing rapidly, the total export of photovoltaic products is 28.43 billion US dollars, an increase of about 44%, module exports are about 24.6 billion, the export volume of about 99 plans, exports and exports are a record high. In terms of investment costs, the total investment cost is the overall increase, in 2021 under the guidance of the national carbon peak carbon neutral goal, the social attention of photovoltaic power generation continues to increase, the financial environment has significantly improved, and the overall investment in photovoltaic power generation in China has shown an upward trend. The new investment scale of photovoltaic power generation in 2021 is about 215.7 billion yuan, up 17% year-on-year, of which the new investment of centralized power stations is about 106.2 billion yuan. The new investment in distributed photovoltaic power plants is about 109.5 billion yuan.