Research on Marine carrier equipment technology and industrial development

(2) Demand for Marine scientific research and resource development

The deep sea is a treasure house of science and resources that human beings have not fully understood. The sustainable development of the world society and economy depends on the scientific research and resource exploitation of the ocean. At present, the understanding and exploitation of the deep-sea area with a depth of more than 1000 m, which accounts for 90% of the ocean area, is still in the initial stage. At present, the breakthrough and development of cutting-edge technologies of deep-sea carrier equipment used for deep-sea oil and gas resources development, deep-sea mineral resources development, deep-sea biological resources research and development, which have a significant impact on the Marine environment, Marine science, Marine economy and Marine security situation, has become an important demand point.

(3) The development needs of green and intelligent technologies

In the future, in the process of design, construction, operation and dismantling of Marine carrying equipment, through the application of advanced technology, on the basis of meeting the functional and performance requirements, it is necessary to achieve the goal of reducing resource and energy consumption, reducing or eliminating environmental pollution. At the same time, with the acceleration of the integration of new generation information technology and traditional industries, the intelligence of Marine carrying equipment will become a hot development spot. In the future, smart ships will integrate sensors, big data analysis, communication technology, advanced materials and other technologies to achieve intelligent control of all ship functions and integrated information interconnection of ship, sea, land, air and space in navigation control, energy and power system management, auxiliary engine operation monitoring, safety monitoring, energy saving and environmental protection monitoring, vibration and noise monitoring, cargo management and other aspects. And have the perception ability, evaluation and analysis ability, decision-making ability, learning and growth ability.

Third, the world's Marine transport equipment technology and industrial structure

(1) The development status of the world's Marine transport equipment industry

1. Higher education of shipbuilding and Marine engineering

Due to the gradual shift of the center of gravity of the shipbuilding and ocean engineering manufacturing industry to Asia, the scale of higher education in the field of shipbuilding and ocean engineering in Europe, the United States and other countries and regions has been greatly reduced compared with the 1980s, and some famous universities have even canceled the department of shipbuilding and ocean engineering or related majors. In spite of this, the higher education sector in Europe, the United States and other countries and regions is still an important pioneering force for new scientific and technological research in shipbuilding and ocean engineering. The teaching and scientific research content is updated quickly, and the close cooperation with international academic and technical standards bodies has made it active and influential in the international arena and market. Our country still has a certain gap in this respect and needs to further improve its influence.

2. Research field of shipbuilding and ocean engineering

Over the past 20 years, although the scale of ship assembly and construction industry in Europe, the United States and other countries and regions has been greatly reduced, and the number of researchers with overall equipment technology has also been reduced, its research results still have an important impact on the development of global Marine transport equipment technology. It mainly relies on technology accumulation and intellectual property foundation, high welfare benefits and flexible research mechanism, traditional market development and service capabilities, and advantages of technical talents in the field of ships; At the same time, it carries out the development and service business of most of the global ship design, evaluation and digital manufacturing software, has the core technology of high-end ships and supporting equipment, and plays a leading role in the international maritime Organization, the International Federation of Classification Societies, the International Organization for Standardization and other international organizations in the Marine equipment and shipping industry. It is worth noting that in some subdivided equipment fields, Europe, the United States and other countries and regions have many small and medium-sized enterprises with a history of more than 100 years, some technologies have a global monopoly position, and scientific research strength can not be underestimated.

3. Overall design and final assembly manufacturing

According to Clarkson database statistics (see Table 1), from 2014 to 2019, among the ships with design information in the world, the share of ships designed by Chinese ship design institutions accounted for about 30% to 35%, Japan accounted for about 20% to 25%, South Korea accounted for about 10% to 20%, and Europe accounted for about 10% to 15%. Specifically, in terms of ship design, Chinese and Japanese ship design institutions focus on the design of bulk carriers, Korean design institutions are more involved in the design of liquefied gas vessels, and European design institutions are focused on the design of luxury cruise ships. From the perspective of technical content, European countries occupy a dominant or monopoly position in the design of high-end ships (such as large cruise ships, ice vessels, deep-sea mining vessels, liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers, nuclear-powered surface vessels, deep-sea fishing and processing vessels, etc.), and occupy a leading position in the design and development of green and intelligent ships; Japan has advantages in the optimization and weight reduction design of the three main ship types, focusing on the development of new concepts, green and intelligent ship design technology.