Mine geological environment ecological restoration

For our country, foreign open-pit mining experience can not be directly transplanted to China's mining with Wells. Its real embryonic stage in the 1980s to 1990s, such as 1982 Ma Enlin and other compiled "open-pit mining rehabilitation", the Ministry of Coal industry organized the implementation of the "six Five" scientific and technological research project - subsidence area comprehensive management of land reclamation research Institute was established in 1987, standard land reclamation began to be organized in China. The "Regulations on Land Reclamation" promulgated on November 8, 1988 and effective on January 1, 1989 (Decree No. 19 of The State Council) marked the beginning of China's land reclamation on the road of legalization. With the formation of land reclamation, the basic concepts and the definition of the basic problems have become important issues. The focus of the researchers, the concept definition of the subject and the practical application all show that land reclamation is not only about the restoration of land resources, but also about the restoration and reconstruction of the ecosystem and the role of protecting the environment.

This discussion on a clear concept lasted for many years, when the concept of "green mining" in mining areas was on the rise, and the awareness of ecological protection was raised all over the world. As the research focus of land reclamation gradually shifted to soil reconstruction, ecological restoration in mining areas, and vegetation reconstruction, the purpose of land reclamation was constantly clarified. In other words, the purpose of land reclamation in mining area should always be the restoration of mining area ecosystem, and the terms of land reclamation and ecological restoration have entered the public vision for the first time. Since then, researchers have begun to focus on dynamic land reclamation and ecological reconstruction from static land reclamation. Concepts such as dynamic pre-reclamation, mining while recovering and integration of mining and recovery have been constantly declared and discussed. Hu Zhenqi et al. (2013a, 2013b) discussed in detail the relationship and combination of mining, reclamation and ecological reconstruction in their papers on mining while recovering and integration of mining and recovery, which more closely linked land reclamation and ecological reconstruction with mining area mining itself. At the same time, researchers have found that the research fields of land reclamation, geological environment protection in mining areas, and ecosystem protection in mining areas are essentially exploring the problems of mining and ecological environment destruction and reconstruction at the same level and in the same content. In 2016, the Ministry of Land and Resources issued a document combining the "Mine geological environment Protection and Treatment restoration Plan" and the "Mine land Reclamation Plan", which means that the restoration of this mining geological environment was officially integrated.

From a certain point of view, the ecological restoration of mine geological environment is the integration of land reclamation and ecological restoration, mine geological environment protection and restoration management, and its integration is inevitable in the practice and theoretical definition of ecological restoration.

(2) Connotation and function of mine geological environment ecological restoration

In a clear definition, the ecological restoration of the mine geological environment should refer to the restoration and reconstruction of the destruction of the mine ecosystem caused by mining through a variety of ecological environmental restoration means. Mineral exploitation will inevitably lead to the destruction of the ecological system of the mine environment, so the ecological restoration of the geological environment of the mine is aimed at the problems caused by the mining, and its connotation is to balance the mining and ecological protection. In fact, it is a means of balancing the destruction of ecosystems by human development with their conservation, and its effects include:

1. Restore land resources and solve the contradiction between people and land

Land is the guarantee of human daily life, and land issue is an important problem in our country. Mining leads to the loss of a large number of land resources. Without the restoration of the geological environment and ecology of the mine, these land resources cannot be used again. The restoration of land resources and the improvement of the quality of land resources can effectively alleviate the contradiction between man and land.

2. Protect the ecological environment and improve the quality of life

Mine geological environment ecological restoration is a large-scale project closely combined with ecological environment reconstruction. The ecological significance of mine geological environment ecological restoration and land damage control caused by mining is extremely great. Not only can the environmental damage caused by large-scale coal mining be restored to a certain extent, but also the fragile ecosystem can be improved before mining. Building green shelterbelts through vegetation reconstruction can prevent the degradation of surrounding ecosystem and land erosion and desertification. Its influence on biodiversity, the diversity and stability of plant ecosystem, attracting the return of surrounding animal communities, increasing the diversity of animal communities, achieving the dynamic balance of plant and animal communities, and affecting air quality and local microclimate have significant effects on improving the quality of life of mining residents.