The main problems and solutions of mine ecological restoration

2.4 Strengthen the supervision and management of production mines, and vigorously promote the technology of mining while repairing

The old account of mine ecological restoration is fixed, according to the unified arrangement of the Ministry of Natural Resources, it is planned to be completed during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, and the supervision and management of subsequent production mines is the key. If you want to make production mines do not owe new debts, the implementation of the concept of mining while repairing is the key.

In 2013, the author proposed the concept, connotation, basic principle, technical classification and key technologies of "reclamation while mining in Jinggong Coal Mine". Professor Y. P. Chugh, former director of the Central and Western Branch of the National Mining Land Reclamation Research Center of the United States and Professor of Southern Illinois University, also systematically introduced the results in the paper "Mining and recovery Technology of coal subsidence in China" in 2017, that "in the reclamation of coal subsidence area, mining and recovery technology is an advanced technology, which is in a leading position in the world". The Concurrent Mining and Reclamation for Underground Mining (CMR-UM) technology is also named. In 2020, in the article "On the ecological environment of Coal Mine Area", the author further improved the concept, principle and technical system of the integration of coal mine mining and restoration, and redefined the concept of "mining and restoration" of coal mine ecological environment as follows: In view of the ecological and environmental damage caused by coal mining process, closely combined with the mining process, a variety of measures are taken simultaneously to reduce the ecological and environmental damage and control simultaneously, that is, repair while mining, so that it can be used and coordinated with the local ecosystem. The ecological environment of coal mine area "recovery while mining" is based on the concept of "source and process control", rather than the concept of "end management", which is characterized by synchronous management in the mining process. The "recovery" in the concept of "recovery while mining" includes both the narrow "reclamation" and the concept of "restoration". Its core purpose is to timely restore and control the damaged ecological environment, alleviate the contradiction between the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources and environmental protection, and ensure the development of mining activities in the direction of sustainable, circular and green. Relevant research shows that using the technology of mining and recovery to control the subsidence area of coal mining can restore 10% ~ 40% more land. In the future, the mining and recovery technology of Jinggong coal mine will seek a breakthrough in reclamation time, reclamation elevation and reclamation technology in practice. In the aspect of open pit mining, it is emphasized that the integration process of mining, drainage and complex must be implemented, internal drainage as early as possible, boundary management, and reducing the area of external drainage and excessive mining pit.

3. Research conclusion

China is a big country in the development of mineral resources, and the ecological problem of mines is very prominent. Under the background of the country paying more attention to the construction of ecological civilization, practicing the concept of "green mountains are gold mountains and silver mountains" and realizing the "double carbon goal", the ecological restoration of mines is imperative. On the basis of analyzing the main problems of mine ecological restoration in China, the following conclusions are drawn.

(1) Due to the different development stages, administrative departments, research fields and industries, the related concepts and terms of mine ecological restoration are diverse, but the connotation is similar, green development is the hard truth, and the focus is on the cognition of the connotation and the research on the basic theory of ecological restoration.

(2) At present, there are corresponding regulations and requirements for the supervision of ecological damage and restoration of mines, but they have not been well implemented, and it is necessary to strengthen the improvement and implementation of the supervision mechanism, focusing on promoting the normalization of the annual report system and the reporting, approval and acceptance system of relevant information.

(3) Some managers and builders do not have a clear scientific understanding of the mine ecological restoration project, resulting in the failure of the ecological restoration project. It is necessary to establish a correct restoration concept from the perspective of scientific restoration, and carry out scientific construction around the three core technologies of soil reconstruction, geomorphic remodeling and vegetation restoration.