Panoramic analysis of the development of chemical fiber industry in China

First, chemical fiber industry overview

1. Definition and classification of chemical fibers

Chemical fiber is the use of natural or synthetic polymer compounds as raw materials, through chemical and physical methods to process the general name of the fiber, it can be continuous filament, can also be uncut tow and cut into a certain length of short fiber. Because of the different sources of polymer compounds used, chemical fibers can be divided into synthetic fibers and man-made fibers. Synthetic fiber is petroleum as the main raw material by chemical synthesis, artificial fiber is the use of cellulose or protein and other natural polymer materials such as wood, bagasse, reed, soybeans, cheese and other raw materials by chemical and mechanical processing.

2, chemical fiber industry chain

The upstream industry of the chemical fiber industry is the petrochemical industry, and raw materials such as PTA, MEG and PET made from petroleum processing are made into chemical fibers through polyester, slicing and spinning processes. Chemical fibers are made into chemical fiber fabrics after weaving, dyeing, finishing and other processes, and chemical fiber fabrics are eventually used in the manufacture of clothing, home textiles and other products.

In view of the strategic position of petroleum energy, the entry threshold of the upstream raw material industry is high, the concentration and monopoly are strong, and the bargaining power of chemical fiber enterprises to the upstream is weak. Affected by international oil prices, PTA, MEG and other raw material prices continue to fluctuate, resulting in chemical fiber industry profits fluctuate within a certain range.

As a kind of high-tech fiber manufacturing industry, the chemical fiber industry has a very high correlation with the downstream textile industry, and the development speed and product grade of the textile industry directly determine the development prospects of the chemical fiber market.

3, chemical fiber industry business model

The main profit model of the chemical fiber industry is to obtain gross profit through relatively stable processing fees. Since its downstream is fully competitive textile, printing and dyeing, clothing and home textiles and other industries, the pricing of chemical fibers mainly depends on the price of raw materials, market supply and demand. On the one hand, enterprises in the industry continue to increase technological innovation, expand product structure, improve product differentiation rate, and maximize the added value of products on the basis of processing fees. Chemical fiber enterprises in the fierce market competition gradually realized that relying solely on the competition of a single industry, the ability of enterprises to resist risks is relatively weak, and the volatility of corporate profits is relatively large. With the progress of technology and the further enhancement of the comprehensive strength of leading enterprises in the industry, leading enterprises in the industry have extended to the upstream and downstream industries of their existing industries, enlarged and strengthened the industrial chain to resist the risk of industry fluctuations, and the trend of creating an integrated industrial chain is becoming more and more obvious. The complete industrial chain helps enterprises to realize resource sharing in various production stages, thus effectively reducing production and management costs, and thus improving profitability, and has a strong competitive advantage in the industrial chain.

4. Development history of chemical fiber industry

The beginning of the chemical fiber industry (1949-1978). Before the reform and opening up, China's chemical fiber industry was a "0" to "1" process. During this period of time, China's chemical fiber equipment has taken the road of old plant transformation, technology introduction, reasonable digestion and absorption, and localization of some equipment; In the development of chemical fiber varieties, at the beginning to viscose fiber based, and later developed into viscose fiber and synthetic fiber, initially solved the problem of Chinese people's dressing raw materials. In the 1970s, the "four major chemical fiber" bases built in China successively included Shanghai Petrochemical Plant, Liaoyang Petroleum Chemical Fiber Plant, Tianjin Petroleum chemical fiber Plant and Sichuan Vinylon Plant, with a total scale of 350,000 tons/year. Through the combination of "the introduction of equipment technology plus domestic equipment", the technical level and self-sufficiency of China's chemical fiber production have been greatly improved. In the late 1970s, China's synthetic fiber varieties and production technology have been able to basically reach the level of chemical fiber production in developed countries.

The second batch of chemical fiber industrial bases was established (1978-1983). Since the reform and opening up, the focus of the work of the whole Party has shifted to economic construction, thus, China's chemical fiber industry has also embarked on the road of rapid development under the promotion of this favorable factor. 1978-1983, on the basis of the "four chemical fibers" project, the Ministry of Textile Industry established the second batch of large-scale chemical fiber factories in the country, this period of China's chemical fiber and textile production has been greatly increased, but also in this period, the management of chemical fiber products gradually from government control to market-oriented transformation.