Current situation of new energy development and wind power generation in China

Coal, oil, natural gas is the earth's gift to human beings, is our daily production and life indispensable and non-renewable resources, human also through scientific research and development of coal, oil, natural gas use incisively and vividly, playing an important role in many fields. However, fossil fuel is a non-renewable energy and a primary energy, which will eventually be exhausted one day. In the context of dual-carbon, the development of new energy is particularly important. As college students, we have the responsibility to understand the current situation of China's new energy development and contribute our own strength to sustainable development. This paper mainly summarizes the background and current situation of the development of new energy in China, especially the wind power generation.

1 Why to develop new energy (Background of new energy generation)

Coal, oil and natural gas, as the world's three major fossil fuels, are very limited in the human life on the earth, and China's huge population, the main consumption mode is based on fossil energy, the per capita resource is very small, and China's current economic development mode is mainly high consumption, low energy consumption mode, consuming a lot of energy, the global energy supply is tight. When fossil energy is exhausted, mankind will face a great crisis, so we must vigorously develop new energy, renewable energy.

1.1 Global warming

By burning a large amount of fossil fuels, people have emitted a large amount of greenhouse gases in the air, resulting in the strengthening of the greenhouse effect, which leads to the global average temperature rise. The main emission of human production and life is carbon dioxide, which mainly comes from the combustion of three major fossil fuels. The warming effect of the greenhouse effect can keep the Earth's surface at the right temperature, thus providing favorable conditions for life. But the increased greenhouse effect will cause global average temperatures to rise.

In recent decades, the global average temperature has continued to rise, and climate warming has become one of the global problems facing mankind (Figure 1). The global average temperature in 2020 is 1.2±0.1°C above pre-industrial levels. 2016, 2020 and 2019 became the three hottest years on record. Due to the La Nina event, the global warming in 2021 will be 1.08°C, slightly lower.

Global warming has led to many adverse effects, such as melting glaciers, rising sea levels, inundation of coastal land, reduction of biodiversity, frequent meteorological disasters, and reduced food production.

1.2 Dual carbon background - carbon neutral, carbon peak

At the Paris Climate Change Conference on December 12, 2015, 196 countries and organizations in the world unanimously adopted the long-term goal of the Paris Agreement, which is to keep the global average temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius compared with the industrial period, and commit to limiting the temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius. In 2020, at the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly, China explicitly and officially proposed that carbon dioxide emissions should peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.

The goal of double carbon is also a recent policy put forward by China in recent years, and China is moving towards this goal at present. Double carbon is a two-stage carbon reduction target proposed by China, referred to as the "double carbon" target. "Peak carbon" means that carbon dioxide emissions will no longer grow when they peak, which means that China will stop growing and gradually decline after the total carbon dioxide emissions peak before 2030. "Carbon neutrality" means that by 2060, China will offset its excessive carbon dioxide emissions through the development of new energy, afforestation, energy conservation and emission reduction, and industrial restructuring. On November 4, 2020, the United States withdrew from the Paris Agreement. On February 19, 2021, the United States announced that it would formally rejoin the Paris Agreement and aim to become carbon neutral by 2050.

1.3 Carbon Neutrality

There are four main paths to achieve carbon neutrality: 1, carbon cycle 2, carbon sequestration 3, carbon reduction 4, and carbon substitution

The most important way of carbon neutrality is carbon substitution, that is, energy substitution, that is, solar energy, wind energy, hydrogen energy, nuclear energy and other new clean energy. It is urgent for China to realize new energy substitution, China's crude oil imports are as high as 70%, the lifeblood is in the hands of foreign countries, far beyond the red line of energy security, which is very dangerous in the long run. At present, carbon emissions in many areas of China have reached a peak, and there is a transition period of about 50 to 70 years from carbon peak to carbon neutrality. China's carbon dioxide emissions account for about 30% of the world, not only the total emissions more than the United States, the European Union, Japan's total, and from the peak of carbon to carbon neutral only 30 years, now to the peak of carbon is less than 8 years, can be a tight task urgent, the development of new energy needs imminent.