The basic connotation, core problem and key technology of smart mine

1. Basic connotation of smart mine

To grasp the basic connotation of smart mine, it is necessary to clarify the connection and difference between smart mine, digital mine and unmanned mine: digital mine is the basis of smart mine, without the digitization of mine, the wisdom of mine is out of the question; The unmanned mine is the advanced stage and the ultimate goal of the intelligent mine. Unmanned mines must be built on the basis of highly intelligent mines to achieve.

(1) Digital mine is the basis and support of smart mine. The core of digital mining is to obtain massive, heterogeneous, heterogeneous, multidimensional and dynamic mine information through different means such as three-dimensional visualization and expression under a unified time-reference and spatial framework, and conduct scientific and orderly organization, management and maintenance of it, so as to establish a distributed sharing, collaboration and utilization mechanism of mine information [4]. It can be seen that the core goal of digital mine is the digital representation, storage and sharing of all kinds of information related to mine. This information is the fundamental basis for intelligent decision making.

(2) The core meaning of smart mines is "wisdom". Digital mining has realized the centralized collection, storage and display of production, safety and management data, but it has not considered the in-depth mining of data value, and lacks the comprehensive utilization ability of data and the ability to provide decision support for the fine management of coal mines [5]. The smart mine emphasizes the deep utilization of data, with the help of big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies, from data to "wisdom", so that the entire mine has the ability of self-analysis and decision-making, to provide strong decision support for coal mine safety production and management, so that the mine "man, machine, environment, pipe" in a highly coordinated unity of operation.

(3) Unmanned mines are the advanced stage and ultimate goal of smart mines. With the further improvement of the intelligent level of mines, the dependence of various kinds of decisions such as mining, mining, transportation, safety and management on people is further reduced, and the goal of unmanned mines is finally realized with the help of robots and other technologies. Unmanned mine is the fundamental guarantee of mine safety. There is no need for manual work underground. Instead, robots work. A small number of high-quality practitioners are mainly working in the mine dispatching command center.

On the basis of the original digital construction, the smart mine closely combines the perception technology, transmission technology, information processing, intelligent computing, etc., with modern mining technology to achieve a comprehensive perception of the real coal mine, and forms a network of people, people and things, and things and things in the coal mine [6-7], which dynamically and in detail describes and controls the whole process of coal mine safety production and operation. Realize the intelligent operation of the whole process of mine development, mining, transportation, washing, safety guarantee, ecological protection, production management, etc. [8], and finally realize the few people or even unmanned mines. Smart mine is the inevitable choice to solve mine safety problems, management problems and efficiency problems, and is a frontier research field of interdisciplinary integration [3], which has broad development prospects.

2 Core issues of smart mine construction

Starting from the basic connotation of smart mine, it is helpful to focus on the core issues of smart mine construction. The "wisdom" of the smart mine includes the ability of active perception, automatic analysis and fast processing of the mine. Taking the mining face as an example, it is necessary to actively perceive the changes of coal rock strata and the changes of the support force, automatically analyze whether the support strength is up to the standard, and give the adjustment strategy of the support scheme in real time. Starting from the active perception ability, automatic analysis ability and rapid processing ability, the construction of smart mines needs to focus on solving the following three core problems.

(1) Mine state depth perception. At the digital mining stage, part of the perception capability has been developed, such as the deployment of some sensors sensing environmental parameters [9-10], but the overall perception capability is not sufficient. The first ability of smart mine is the active perception ability, and only on the basis of perception can automatic analysis and rapid processing be carried out. This perception should be a more comprehensive and in-depth perception, involving the dynamic changes of the parameters of personnel, equipment, environment, management and other aspects of the mine. At the same time, this kind of perception should be more accurate and can confirm the specific part of the change, such as the specific location of the roadway deformation.