Find the hidden champion of Chinese textile materials

The United States: In the 19th century, the second Industrial Revolution promoted productivity progress, and the United States gradually replaced the United Kingdom as the global textile trade center. In the mid-19th century, the second Industrial Revolution brought electric power technology innovation to promote the rapid development of the textile industry in Europe and the United States, the United States with unique land resources and labor advantages to vigorously develop cotton planting and textile industry. The outbreak of the First World War led to a downturn in the export of British textile products, and the United States gradually replaced the United Kingdom as a global trade center. According to the statistics of the Australian Cotton Association, the United States in the 1920s accounted for more than 50% of the world's cotton yarn production.

Japan: The textile industry grew rapidly in the first half of the 20th century, and the industry was revitalized after World War II, and the added value was upgraded. In 1882, Mitsui Zaibatsu invested in the establishment of Osaka Textile Company as a sign, the government began to vigorously develop silk reeling and cotton spinning, in 1890, the output of cotton ingots in Japan was only 278,000 (in the same year, the output of cotton ingots in the United Kingdom was 42.4 million, and the output of cotton ingots in the United States was 14.4 million), and rapidly increased to 38.136 million in 1920. From 1910 to 1930, Japan undertook a large number of textile production from Western countries with the advantage of lower costs. In 1915, Japan's textile exports accounted for 43.1% of total exports, and in 1925, the export proportion was as high as 68.5%, becoming an important pillar of the national economy, of which raw silk and cotton silk accounted for 43%. In the industrial chain in the relatively upstream stage, according to the "Japanese textile Industry Centennial history and prospects", in 1933, Japan's cotton industry exports more than the United Kingdom. At the same time, Japanese cotton textile enterprises promote scientific management methods, and vigorously improve textile equipment, such as doubling the production process of the roving frame, and completing the super draft in the spinning frame, so that the draft ratio has been increased from 15 times to 30-50 times, and the production efficiency has been greatly improved. According to statistics, the labor production efficiency index of Japan's cotton yarn industry in 1933 (compiled according to the output of cotton yarn per hour of labor) reached 225, surpassing the 165/120 of the United States and the United Kingdom. The economic crisis and World War II affected Japanese exports, but the added value of products increased: from 1930 to 1945, affected by the Showa economic crisis and World War II, Japan's overall exports were impacted, of which textile exports fell faster, and the proportion of exports fell to 42% in 1940. In terms of the structure of export products, compared with raw silk and cotton silk, the proportion of higher value-added products such as textiles and textile machinery has been greatly increased.

1940~1970: The United States and Europe created synthetic fibers to complete the transformation, Japan grew, and South Korea and Taiwan started

The European and American textile industry migrated to East Asia, pioneered synthetic fibers, and completed the transformation of the industry to high-end manufacturing and technology; Japan with a better industrial base to follow the pace of Europe and the United States to develop synthetic fibers; Korea, Taiwan textile industry from import-based to self-sufficient and then export-oriented, on the one hand, quickly undertake the natural fiber from Japan, clothing links, on the other hand, China Taiwan in the cotton industry export restrictions, vigorously develop synthetic fiber business, product added value has advantages.

Europe and the United States: Pioneered synthetic fibers, the textile industry moved to East Asia and completed the transformation

Due to the rising labor costs in the United States and Europe, the textile industry gradually migrated to East Asia with cost advantages. According to statistics, in 1962, the share of textile exports in the United States/United Kingdom was only 8.3%/11.8%, and the share of clothing exports was only 6.0%/7.3%, which was significantly lower than that of Japan in the same period, and there is still a trend of continued decline. At the same time, the European and American textile industry is rapidly transforming and upgrading, on the one hand, the development of high-end manufacturing areas such as textile machinery, on the other hand, the creation of synthetic fibers, leading the change of the textile industry.

Europe and the United States created synthetic fiber, petrochemical industry to promote the industrialization of synthetic fiber, textile industry into a new era. In 1939, the United States DuPont Company realized the industrial production of nylon 66 fiber, in 1940, the German Farbon company realized the industrial production of nylon 6 fiber, and in 1953 and 1955, the United States DuPont and the United Kingdom ICI built polyester fiber production bases. Synthetic fiber has excellent performance and is not affected by the advantages of natural conditions, coupled with the rapid rise of the global petrochemical industry in the late 1950s to provide sufficient new raw materials for the synthetic fiber industry, synthetic fiber raw materials from coal and calcium carbide to stone oil and natural gas conversion, thus promoting the explosive growth of the global synthetic fiber industry. From 1950 to 1970, the production of synthetic fibers in the world increased from 69,000 tons to 4.7 million tons, and the textile industry gradually entered the era led by synthetic fibers. Due to the relatively difficult production technology and conditions of synthetic fibers at that time, the world's synthetic fibers were mainly concentrated in the United States, Western Europe and Japan three developed countries/regions, and the United States/Western Europe/Japan accounted for 32%/31%/21% of the global synthetic fiber production in 1970.